NUR 3145 Exam 1 Questions With Correct Answers
.13. What does the "expected therapeutic outcome" of a drug mean? - ANSWER-It is a positive change in
a faulty physiologic system, goal of drug therapy, Clinical status of patient appropriate for condition
.4. Why is cytochrome P-450 so important? - ANSWER-o Microsomal enzymes; aid in metabolism of
medications; target lipid soluble (non-polar, lipophilic, fat-loving) drugs, which are typically difficult to
eliminate
.Acute Therapy - ANSWER--more intense drug treatment
- often needed to sustain life or treat disease
-Ex: administration of vasopressors to maintain BP in CO after heart surgery, chemotherapy for cancer
patient
.admin of oral/ bucal medication - ANSWER-Sublingual- absorbed in highly vascularized tissue under the
tongue- oral mucosa.
Nitroglycerin is an example... absorbed rapidly bc area under tongue has big blood supply. ..bypass liver
so bioavailable.
Buccal- administered in oral muscosa btw cheeks and gum ..absorbed rapidl into blood and delivered to
their site of action like coronary arteries
Sublingual and buccal prevent destruction of the drugs in GI tract, and allow for rapid absorption in
blood theu oral Musca membranes..instruct patient to swallow after drug is dissolved..not taken with
fluids. For buccal, alternate sides with each does to reduce irritation.
.adverse reaction: Drug-induced teratogenesis - ANSWER-: cause fetal structural defects; BLACK BOX
WARNING
,.Adverse reaction: Idiosyncratic reaction: - ANSWER-occurs unexpectedly in individual patient;
genetically inherited traits
.adverse reaction: Mutagenic effects: - ANSWER-permanently changes genetic composition of living cells
.Adverse reactions: carcinogenic reactions - ANSWER-cancer causing
.adverse reactions: drug-drug interactions - ANSWER-when two or more drugs come together and either
work together to create a synergistic, antagonistic, or additive effect
.African-Americans - ANSWER-Less responsive to beta blockers
.Asian Americans - ANSWER-Greater clearance rates of codeine
.Autonomy - ANSWER-Self-determination
Ability to make your own decisions
Ex: promoting a patients decision making, supporting informed consent, and assisting in decisions or
making a decision when a patient is posing harm to themsevles
.Barriers to elderly medication management: - ANSWER-Polypharmacy
Difficulty taking prescribed dosage form
Drug side effects
Adverse drug reactions
Knowledge deficit
Potential stigma (antidepressants)
.Beneficence - ANSWER-doing good or actively promoting good
, ex: determining how the patient is best served
.Chronic/Acute Disease - ANSWER-Multiple comorbidities
Chronic heart failure
Diabetes
HIV+
AIDS
.Competitive antagonist: - ANSWER-compete with agonist for binding; if it binds, there is no effect
.confidentiality - ANSWER-Share no secrets unless need to know
Ex: not talking about a patient in public or outside the context of the health care setting
.correct administration of oral meds - ANSWER-Absorbed from GI tract to body tissues..
Diffuses across cell membrane
Assisted by carrier enzymes or proteins
Engulfed by cellular membranes (pinocytosis)
Some meds are recommended to be taken with food, while othes are recommended not to be taken
with food. .. take with 6-8 ounces of fluid
Oral if crushed=taken faster, but if sublingual is crushed=takes slower
Enteric= being or having a coating designed to pass through the stomach unaltered and disintegrate in
the intestines
.13. What does the "expected therapeutic outcome" of a drug mean? - ANSWER-It is a positive change in
a faulty physiologic system, goal of drug therapy, Clinical status of patient appropriate for condition
.4. Why is cytochrome P-450 so important? - ANSWER-o Microsomal enzymes; aid in metabolism of
medications; target lipid soluble (non-polar, lipophilic, fat-loving) drugs, which are typically difficult to
eliminate
.Acute Therapy - ANSWER--more intense drug treatment
- often needed to sustain life or treat disease
-Ex: administration of vasopressors to maintain BP in CO after heart surgery, chemotherapy for cancer
patient
.admin of oral/ bucal medication - ANSWER-Sublingual- absorbed in highly vascularized tissue under the
tongue- oral mucosa.
Nitroglycerin is an example... absorbed rapidly bc area under tongue has big blood supply. ..bypass liver
so bioavailable.
Buccal- administered in oral muscosa btw cheeks and gum ..absorbed rapidl into blood and delivered to
their site of action like coronary arteries
Sublingual and buccal prevent destruction of the drugs in GI tract, and allow for rapid absorption in
blood theu oral Musca membranes..instruct patient to swallow after drug is dissolved..not taken with
fluids. For buccal, alternate sides with each does to reduce irritation.
.adverse reaction: Drug-induced teratogenesis - ANSWER-: cause fetal structural defects; BLACK BOX
WARNING
,.Adverse reaction: Idiosyncratic reaction: - ANSWER-occurs unexpectedly in individual patient;
genetically inherited traits
.adverse reaction: Mutagenic effects: - ANSWER-permanently changes genetic composition of living cells
.Adverse reactions: carcinogenic reactions - ANSWER-cancer causing
.adverse reactions: drug-drug interactions - ANSWER-when two or more drugs come together and either
work together to create a synergistic, antagonistic, or additive effect
.African-Americans - ANSWER-Less responsive to beta blockers
.Asian Americans - ANSWER-Greater clearance rates of codeine
.Autonomy - ANSWER-Self-determination
Ability to make your own decisions
Ex: promoting a patients decision making, supporting informed consent, and assisting in decisions or
making a decision when a patient is posing harm to themsevles
.Barriers to elderly medication management: - ANSWER-Polypharmacy
Difficulty taking prescribed dosage form
Drug side effects
Adverse drug reactions
Knowledge deficit
Potential stigma (antidepressants)
.Beneficence - ANSWER-doing good or actively promoting good
, ex: determining how the patient is best served
.Chronic/Acute Disease - ANSWER-Multiple comorbidities
Chronic heart failure
Diabetes
HIV+
AIDS
.Competitive antagonist: - ANSWER-compete with agonist for binding; if it binds, there is no effect
.confidentiality - ANSWER-Share no secrets unless need to know
Ex: not talking about a patient in public or outside the context of the health care setting
.correct administration of oral meds - ANSWER-Absorbed from GI tract to body tissues..
Diffuses across cell membrane
Assisted by carrier enzymes or proteins
Engulfed by cellular membranes (pinocytosis)
Some meds are recommended to be taken with food, while othes are recommended not to be taken
with food. .. take with 6-8 ounces of fluid
Oral if crushed=taken faster, but if sublingual is crushed=takes slower
Enteric= being or having a coating designed to pass through the stomach unaltered and disintegrate in
the intestines
