TAMU NURS 617 EXAM 2 WITH
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS[FOR A+ GRADES]
[FOR ANY OTHER EXAM OR ASSIGNMENT EMAIL @MACHARIALWS]
During the cardiac cycle, which structure directly delivers
action potential to the ventricular myocardium?
a. Sinoatrial (SA) node
b. Atrioventricular (AV) node
c. Purkinje fibers
d. Bundle branches - ANSWER>>>>>c. Purkinje fibers
Each cardiac action potential travels from the SA node to
the AV node to the bundle of His (AV bundle), through the
bundle branches, and finally to the Purkinje fibers and the
ventricular myocardium, where the impulse is stopped.
The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins
spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because it:
a. Has a superior location in the right atrium.
b. Is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous
depolarization.
c. Has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve.
d. Depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of
the heart - ANSWER>>>>>d. Depolarizes more rapidly than
other automatic cells of the heart
,The electrical impulse normally begins in the SA node
because its cells depolarize more rapidly than other
automatic cells.
What can shorten the conduction time of action potential
through the atrioventricular (AV) node?
a. Parasympathetic nervous system
b. Catecholamines
c. Vagal stimulation
d. Sinoatrial node (SA) - ANSWER>>>>>b. Catecholamines
Catecholamines speed the heart rate, shorten the
conduction time through the AV node, and increase the
rhythmicity of the AV pacemaker fibers.
If the sinoatrial (SA) node fails, then at what rate
(depolarizations per minute) can the atrioventricular (AV)
node depolarize?
a. 60 to 70
b. 40 to 60
c. 30 to 40
d. 10 to 20 - ANSWER>>>>>b. 40 to 60
If the SA node is damaged, then the AV node will become
the heart's pacemaker at a rate of approximately 40 to 60
spontaneous depolarizations per minute.
Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left
ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in?
,a. Increase in force of contraction
b. Decrease in refractory time
c. Increase in afterload
d. Decrease in repolarization - ANSWER>>>>>a. Increase in
force of contraction
This concept is expressed in the Frank-Starling law; the
cardiac muscle, like other muscles, increases its strength of
contraction when it is stretched.
As stated in the Frank-Starling law, a direct relationship
exists between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the
end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next
systole.
a. Pressure; force
b. Volume; strength
c. Viscosity; force
d. Viscosity; strength - ANSWER>>>>>b. Volume; strength
As stated in the Frank-Starling law, the volume of blood in
the heart at the end of diastole (the length of its muscle
fibers) is directly related to the force (strength) of
contraction during the next systole.
What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow
through a vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress b.
Bounding pulse felt on palpation
, c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation - ANSWER>>>>>d.
Murmur heard on auscultation
Where flow is obstructed, the vessel turns or blood flows
over rough surfaces. The flow becomes turbulent with
whorls or eddy currents that produce noise, causing a
murmur to be heard on auscultation, such as occurs during
blood pressure measurement with a sphygomanometer.
What is the initiating event that leads to the development
of atherosclerosis?
a. Release of the inflammatory cytokines
b. Macrophages adhere to vessel walls.
c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
d. Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor -
ANSWER>>>>>c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the
artery walls
Atherosclerosis begins with an injury to the endothelial cells
that line the arterial walls. Possible causes of endothelial
injury include the common risk factors for atherosclerosis,
such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, increased levels of
low-density lipoprotein (LDL), decreased levels of high-
density lipoprotein (HDL), and autoimmunity.
What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
in atherosclerosis?
a. LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS[FOR A+ GRADES]
[FOR ANY OTHER EXAM OR ASSIGNMENT EMAIL @MACHARIALWS]
During the cardiac cycle, which structure directly delivers
action potential to the ventricular myocardium?
a. Sinoatrial (SA) node
b. Atrioventricular (AV) node
c. Purkinje fibers
d. Bundle branches - ANSWER>>>>>c. Purkinje fibers
Each cardiac action potential travels from the SA node to
the AV node to the bundle of His (AV bundle), through the
bundle branches, and finally to the Purkinje fibers and the
ventricular myocardium, where the impulse is stopped.
The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins
spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because it:
a. Has a superior location in the right atrium.
b. Is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous
depolarization.
c. Has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve.
d. Depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of
the heart - ANSWER>>>>>d. Depolarizes more rapidly than
other automatic cells of the heart
,The electrical impulse normally begins in the SA node
because its cells depolarize more rapidly than other
automatic cells.
What can shorten the conduction time of action potential
through the atrioventricular (AV) node?
a. Parasympathetic nervous system
b. Catecholamines
c. Vagal stimulation
d. Sinoatrial node (SA) - ANSWER>>>>>b. Catecholamines
Catecholamines speed the heart rate, shorten the
conduction time through the AV node, and increase the
rhythmicity of the AV pacemaker fibers.
If the sinoatrial (SA) node fails, then at what rate
(depolarizations per minute) can the atrioventricular (AV)
node depolarize?
a. 60 to 70
b. 40 to 60
c. 30 to 40
d. 10 to 20 - ANSWER>>>>>b. 40 to 60
If the SA node is damaged, then the AV node will become
the heart's pacemaker at a rate of approximately 40 to 60
spontaneous depolarizations per minute.
Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left
ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in?
,a. Increase in force of contraction
b. Decrease in refractory time
c. Increase in afterload
d. Decrease in repolarization - ANSWER>>>>>a. Increase in
force of contraction
This concept is expressed in the Frank-Starling law; the
cardiac muscle, like other muscles, increases its strength of
contraction when it is stretched.
As stated in the Frank-Starling law, a direct relationship
exists between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the
end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next
systole.
a. Pressure; force
b. Volume; strength
c. Viscosity; force
d. Viscosity; strength - ANSWER>>>>>b. Volume; strength
As stated in the Frank-Starling law, the volume of blood in
the heart at the end of diastole (the length of its muscle
fibers) is directly related to the force (strength) of
contraction during the next systole.
What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow
through a vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress b.
Bounding pulse felt on palpation
, c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation - ANSWER>>>>>d.
Murmur heard on auscultation
Where flow is obstructed, the vessel turns or blood flows
over rough surfaces. The flow becomes turbulent with
whorls or eddy currents that produce noise, causing a
murmur to be heard on auscultation, such as occurs during
blood pressure measurement with a sphygomanometer.
What is the initiating event that leads to the development
of atherosclerosis?
a. Release of the inflammatory cytokines
b. Macrophages adhere to vessel walls.
c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
d. Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor -
ANSWER>>>>>c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the
artery walls
Atherosclerosis begins with an injury to the endothelial cells
that line the arterial walls. Possible causes of endothelial
injury include the common risk factors for atherosclerosis,
such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, increased levels of
low-density lipoprotein (LDL), decreased levels of high-
density lipoprotein (HDL), and autoimmunity.
What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
in atherosclerosis?
a. LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
