NUR2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
100% QUESTIONS AND WELL VERIFIED
MARKING SCHEME
A-nurse-is-reviewing-lab-reports.-The-nurse-recalls-blood-plasma-is-located-in-which-of-the-following-
fluid-compartments?---CORRECT-ANSWER-Intravascular-fluid
A-35-year-old-male-weighs-70-kg.-Approximately-how-much-of-this-weight-is-ICF?---CORRECT-ANSWER-
42-L--the-total-volume-of-body-water-for-a-70-kg-person-is-about-42-L-(60%)
While-planning-care-for-elderly-individuals,-the-nurse-remembers-the-elderly-are-at-a-higher-risk-for-
developing-dehydration-because-they-have-a(n):---CORRECT-ANSWER-decreased-muscle-mass
Which-of-the-following-patients-should-the-nurse-assess-for-a-decreased-oncotic-pressure-in-the-
capillaries?-A-patient-with:---CORRECT-ANSWER-liver-failure
Water-movement-between-the-ICF-and-ECF-compartments-is-determined-by:---CORRECT-ANSWER-
osmotic-forces
An-experiment-was-designed-to-test-the-effects-of-the-Starling-forces-on-fluid-movement.-Which-of-
the-following-alterations-would-result-in-fluid-moving-into-the-interstitial-space?---CORRECT-ANSWER-
Increased-interstitial-oncotic-pressure
When-planning-care-for-a-dehydrated-patient,-the-nurse-remembers-the-principle-of-water-balance-is-
closely-related-to-_____-balance.---CORRECT-ANSWER-Sodium
A-70-year-old-male-with-chronic-renal-failure-presents-with-edema.-Which-of-the-following-is-the-
most-likely-cause-of-this-condition?---CORRECT-ANSWER-Increased-capillary-hydrostatic-pressure
A-10-year-old-male-is-brought-to-the-emergency-room-(ER)-because-he-is-incoherent-and-
semiconscious.-CT-scan-reveals-that-he-is-suffering-from-cerebral-edema.-This-type-of-edema-is-
referred-to-as:---CORRECT-ANSWER-localized-edema
,A-nurse-is-teaching-the-staff-about-antidiuretic-hormone-(ADH).-Which-information-should-the-nurse-
include?-Secretion-of-ADH-is-stimulated-by:---CORRECT-ANSWER-increased-plasma-osmolality
Which-statement-by-the-staff-indicates-teaching-was-successful-concerning-aldosterone?-Secretion-of-
aldosterone-results-in:---CORRECT-ANSWER-increased-blood-volume
A-25-year-old-male-is-diagnosed-with-a-hormone-secreting-tumor-of-the-adrenal-cortex.-Which-
finding-would-the-nurse-expect-to-see-in-the-lab-results?---CORRECT-ANSWER-Decreased-blood-K+-
levels
A-patient-has-been-searching-on-the-Internet-about-natriuretic-hormones.-When-the-patient-asks-the-
nurse-what-do-these-hormones-do,-how-should-the-nurse-respond?-Natriuretic-hormones-affect-the-
balance-of:---CORRECT-ANSWER-Sodium
A-5-year-old-male-presents-to-the-ER-with-delirium-and-sunken-eyes.-After-diagnosing-him-with-
severe-dehydration,-the-primary-care-provider-orders-fluid-replacement.-The-nurse-administers-a-
hypertonic-intravenous-solution.-Which-of-the-following-would-be-expected?---CORRECT-ANSWER-
Intracellular-dehydration
Which-of-the-following-patients-is-the-most-at-risk-for-developing-hypernatremia?-A-patient-with:---
CORRECT-ANSWER-dehydration
The-most-common-cause-of-pure-water-deficit-is:---CORRECT-ANSWER-A.-renal-water-loss
Hyperlipidemia-and-hyperglycemia-are-associated-with:---CORRECT-ANSWER-Hypertonic-hyponatremia
A-52-year-old-diabetic-male-presents-to-the-ER-with-lethargy,-confusion,-and-depressed-reflexes.-His-
wife-indicates-that-he-does-not-follow-the-prescribed-diet-and-takes-his-medication-sporadically.-Lab-
results-indicate-hyperglycemia.-Which-assessment-finding-is-most-likely-to-occur?---CORRECT-ANSWER-
decreased-sodium
,When-taking-care-of-a-patient-with-hyperkalemia,-which-principle-is-priority?-Hyperkalemia-causes-
a(n)-_____-in-resting-membrane-potential-with-_____-excitability-of-cardiac-muscle.---CORRECT-
ANSWER-increase,-increased
Which-of-the-following-patients-is-most-prone-to-hypochloremia?-A-patient-with:---CORRECT-ANSWER-
Increased-bicarbonate-intake
Which-of-the-following-conditions-would-cause-the-nurse-to-monitor-for-hyperkalemia?---CORRECT-
ANSWER-Acute-acidosis
Which-organ-system-should-the-nurse-monitor-when-the-patient-has-long-term-potassium-deficits?---
CORRECT-ANSWER-kidneys
A-42-year-old-female-presents-to-her-primary-care-provider-reporting-muscle-weakness-and-cardiac-
abnormalities.-Laboratory-tests-indicate-that-she-is-hypokalemic.-Which-of-the-following-could-be-the-
cause-of-her-condition?---CORRECT-ANSWER-Primary-hyperaldosteronism
A-19-year-old-male-presents-to-his-primary-care-provider-reporting-restlessness,-muscle-cramping,-
and-diarrhea.-Lab-tests-reveal-that-he-is-hyperkalemic.-Which-of-the-following-could-have-caused-his-
condition?---CORRECT-ANSWER-acidosis
A-60-year-old-female-is-diagnosed-with-hyperkalemia.-Which-assessment-finding-should-the-nurse-
expect-to-observe?---CORRECT-ANSWER-oliguria
Which-of-the-following-buffer-pairs-is-considered-the-major-plasma-buffering-system?---CORRECT-
ANSWER-carbonic-acid-and-bicarbonate
A-nurse-recalls-regulation-of-acid-base-balance-through-removal-or-retention-of-volatile-acids-is-
accomplished-by-the:---CORRECT-ANSWER-lungs
Physiologic-pH-is-maintained-around-7.4-because-carbonic-acid-and-bicarbonate-exist-in-a-ratio-of:---
CORRECT-ANSWER-20:1
, Which-patient-is-most-prone-to-metabolic-alkalosis?-A-patient-with:---CORRECT-ANSWER-Excessive-
loss-of-chloride-(Cl)
Which-patient-should-the-nurse-assess-for-both-hyperkalemia-and-metabolic-acidosis?-A-patient-
diagnosed-with:---CORRECT-ANSWER-renal-failure
For-a-patient-experiencing-metabolic-acidosis,-the-body-will-compensate-by:---CORRECT-ANSWER-
hyperventilating
Which-finding-would-support-the-diagnosis-of-respiratory-acidosis?---CORRECT-ANSWER-pneumonia
A-54-year-old-male-with-a-long-history-of-smoking-complains-of-excessive-tiredness,-shortness-of-
breath,-and-overall-ill-feelings.-Lab-results-reveal-decreased-pH,-increased-CO2,-and-normal-
bicarbonate-ion.-These-findings-help-to-confirm-the-diagnosis-of:---CORRECT-ANSWER-respiratory-
acidosis
For-a-patient-with-respiratory-acidosis,-chronic-compensation-by-the-body-will-include:---CORRECT-
ANSWER-Kidney-excretion-of-H+
A-55-year-old-female-presents-to-her-primary-care-provider-and-reports-dizziness,-confusion,-and-
tingling-in-the-extremities.-Blood-tests-reveal-an-elevated-pH,-decreased-PCO2,-and-slightly-decreased-
HCO3.-Which-of-the-following-is-the-most-likely-diagnosis?---CORRECT-ANSWER-Respiratory-alkalosis-
with-renal-compensation
Outcomes-of-laboratory-tests-include-an-elevated-level-of-natriuretic-peptides.-Which-organ-is-the-
priority-assessment?---CORRECT-ANSWER-heart
A-60-year-old-male-with-a-30-year-history-of-smoking-is-diagnosed-with-a-hormone-secreting-lung-
tumor.-Further-testing-indicates-that-the-tumor-secretes-ADH.-Which-of-the-following-assessment-
findings-should-the-nurse-expect?-(Select-all-that-apply.)---CORRECT-ANSWER--Confusion
-Weakness
-Nausea
-Muscle-twitching
100% QUESTIONS AND WELL VERIFIED
MARKING SCHEME
A-nurse-is-reviewing-lab-reports.-The-nurse-recalls-blood-plasma-is-located-in-which-of-the-following-
fluid-compartments?---CORRECT-ANSWER-Intravascular-fluid
A-35-year-old-male-weighs-70-kg.-Approximately-how-much-of-this-weight-is-ICF?---CORRECT-ANSWER-
42-L--the-total-volume-of-body-water-for-a-70-kg-person-is-about-42-L-(60%)
While-planning-care-for-elderly-individuals,-the-nurse-remembers-the-elderly-are-at-a-higher-risk-for-
developing-dehydration-because-they-have-a(n):---CORRECT-ANSWER-decreased-muscle-mass
Which-of-the-following-patients-should-the-nurse-assess-for-a-decreased-oncotic-pressure-in-the-
capillaries?-A-patient-with:---CORRECT-ANSWER-liver-failure
Water-movement-between-the-ICF-and-ECF-compartments-is-determined-by:---CORRECT-ANSWER-
osmotic-forces
An-experiment-was-designed-to-test-the-effects-of-the-Starling-forces-on-fluid-movement.-Which-of-
the-following-alterations-would-result-in-fluid-moving-into-the-interstitial-space?---CORRECT-ANSWER-
Increased-interstitial-oncotic-pressure
When-planning-care-for-a-dehydrated-patient,-the-nurse-remembers-the-principle-of-water-balance-is-
closely-related-to-_____-balance.---CORRECT-ANSWER-Sodium
A-70-year-old-male-with-chronic-renal-failure-presents-with-edema.-Which-of-the-following-is-the-
most-likely-cause-of-this-condition?---CORRECT-ANSWER-Increased-capillary-hydrostatic-pressure
A-10-year-old-male-is-brought-to-the-emergency-room-(ER)-because-he-is-incoherent-and-
semiconscious.-CT-scan-reveals-that-he-is-suffering-from-cerebral-edema.-This-type-of-edema-is-
referred-to-as:---CORRECT-ANSWER-localized-edema
,A-nurse-is-teaching-the-staff-about-antidiuretic-hormone-(ADH).-Which-information-should-the-nurse-
include?-Secretion-of-ADH-is-stimulated-by:---CORRECT-ANSWER-increased-plasma-osmolality
Which-statement-by-the-staff-indicates-teaching-was-successful-concerning-aldosterone?-Secretion-of-
aldosterone-results-in:---CORRECT-ANSWER-increased-blood-volume
A-25-year-old-male-is-diagnosed-with-a-hormone-secreting-tumor-of-the-adrenal-cortex.-Which-
finding-would-the-nurse-expect-to-see-in-the-lab-results?---CORRECT-ANSWER-Decreased-blood-K+-
levels
A-patient-has-been-searching-on-the-Internet-about-natriuretic-hormones.-When-the-patient-asks-the-
nurse-what-do-these-hormones-do,-how-should-the-nurse-respond?-Natriuretic-hormones-affect-the-
balance-of:---CORRECT-ANSWER-Sodium
A-5-year-old-male-presents-to-the-ER-with-delirium-and-sunken-eyes.-After-diagnosing-him-with-
severe-dehydration,-the-primary-care-provider-orders-fluid-replacement.-The-nurse-administers-a-
hypertonic-intravenous-solution.-Which-of-the-following-would-be-expected?---CORRECT-ANSWER-
Intracellular-dehydration
Which-of-the-following-patients-is-the-most-at-risk-for-developing-hypernatremia?-A-patient-with:---
CORRECT-ANSWER-dehydration
The-most-common-cause-of-pure-water-deficit-is:---CORRECT-ANSWER-A.-renal-water-loss
Hyperlipidemia-and-hyperglycemia-are-associated-with:---CORRECT-ANSWER-Hypertonic-hyponatremia
A-52-year-old-diabetic-male-presents-to-the-ER-with-lethargy,-confusion,-and-depressed-reflexes.-His-
wife-indicates-that-he-does-not-follow-the-prescribed-diet-and-takes-his-medication-sporadically.-Lab-
results-indicate-hyperglycemia.-Which-assessment-finding-is-most-likely-to-occur?---CORRECT-ANSWER-
decreased-sodium
,When-taking-care-of-a-patient-with-hyperkalemia,-which-principle-is-priority?-Hyperkalemia-causes-
a(n)-_____-in-resting-membrane-potential-with-_____-excitability-of-cardiac-muscle.---CORRECT-
ANSWER-increase,-increased
Which-of-the-following-patients-is-most-prone-to-hypochloremia?-A-patient-with:---CORRECT-ANSWER-
Increased-bicarbonate-intake
Which-of-the-following-conditions-would-cause-the-nurse-to-monitor-for-hyperkalemia?---CORRECT-
ANSWER-Acute-acidosis
Which-organ-system-should-the-nurse-monitor-when-the-patient-has-long-term-potassium-deficits?---
CORRECT-ANSWER-kidneys
A-42-year-old-female-presents-to-her-primary-care-provider-reporting-muscle-weakness-and-cardiac-
abnormalities.-Laboratory-tests-indicate-that-she-is-hypokalemic.-Which-of-the-following-could-be-the-
cause-of-her-condition?---CORRECT-ANSWER-Primary-hyperaldosteronism
A-19-year-old-male-presents-to-his-primary-care-provider-reporting-restlessness,-muscle-cramping,-
and-diarrhea.-Lab-tests-reveal-that-he-is-hyperkalemic.-Which-of-the-following-could-have-caused-his-
condition?---CORRECT-ANSWER-acidosis
A-60-year-old-female-is-diagnosed-with-hyperkalemia.-Which-assessment-finding-should-the-nurse-
expect-to-observe?---CORRECT-ANSWER-oliguria
Which-of-the-following-buffer-pairs-is-considered-the-major-plasma-buffering-system?---CORRECT-
ANSWER-carbonic-acid-and-bicarbonate
A-nurse-recalls-regulation-of-acid-base-balance-through-removal-or-retention-of-volatile-acids-is-
accomplished-by-the:---CORRECT-ANSWER-lungs
Physiologic-pH-is-maintained-around-7.4-because-carbonic-acid-and-bicarbonate-exist-in-a-ratio-of:---
CORRECT-ANSWER-20:1
, Which-patient-is-most-prone-to-metabolic-alkalosis?-A-patient-with:---CORRECT-ANSWER-Excessive-
loss-of-chloride-(Cl)
Which-patient-should-the-nurse-assess-for-both-hyperkalemia-and-metabolic-acidosis?-A-patient-
diagnosed-with:---CORRECT-ANSWER-renal-failure
For-a-patient-experiencing-metabolic-acidosis,-the-body-will-compensate-by:---CORRECT-ANSWER-
hyperventilating
Which-finding-would-support-the-diagnosis-of-respiratory-acidosis?---CORRECT-ANSWER-pneumonia
A-54-year-old-male-with-a-long-history-of-smoking-complains-of-excessive-tiredness,-shortness-of-
breath,-and-overall-ill-feelings.-Lab-results-reveal-decreased-pH,-increased-CO2,-and-normal-
bicarbonate-ion.-These-findings-help-to-confirm-the-diagnosis-of:---CORRECT-ANSWER-respiratory-
acidosis
For-a-patient-with-respiratory-acidosis,-chronic-compensation-by-the-body-will-include:---CORRECT-
ANSWER-Kidney-excretion-of-H+
A-55-year-old-female-presents-to-her-primary-care-provider-and-reports-dizziness,-confusion,-and-
tingling-in-the-extremities.-Blood-tests-reveal-an-elevated-pH,-decreased-PCO2,-and-slightly-decreased-
HCO3.-Which-of-the-following-is-the-most-likely-diagnosis?---CORRECT-ANSWER-Respiratory-alkalosis-
with-renal-compensation
Outcomes-of-laboratory-tests-include-an-elevated-level-of-natriuretic-peptides.-Which-organ-is-the-
priority-assessment?---CORRECT-ANSWER-heart
A-60-year-old-male-with-a-30-year-history-of-smoking-is-diagnosed-with-a-hormone-secreting-lung-
tumor.-Further-testing-indicates-that-the-tumor-secretes-ADH.-Which-of-the-following-assessment-
findings-should-the-nurse-expect?-(Select-all-that-apply.)---CORRECT-ANSWER--Confusion
-Weakness
-Nausea
-Muscle-twitching
