Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
Questions With Correct Detailed
Answers
psychopharmacology - ANSWER- the study of effects of drugs on nervous system and
behaviour
what are the two types of drugs - ANSWER- therepeautic ⇒ antidepressants
abuse ⇒ heroin
major aspects of drug influence (2) - ANSWER- drug effects,
sites of action
life cycle of drug (4) - ANSWER- absorption ⇒ distribution ⇒ metabolism ⇒ excretion
absorption - ANSWER- drug is administered and absorbed thru tissues
distribution - ANSWER- thru out body and blood
metabolism - ANSWER- drug is changed to inactive form by enzymes usually in liver
excretion - ANSWER- excreted in urine by kidneys
injection - ANSWER- IV, IP, IM, SC
intravenous - ANSWER- IV, fastest route,
into bloodstream
intraperitoneal - ANSWER- IP, cavity around stomach
who is IP commonly done in? - ANSWER- commonly done in rats; when rats are picked
up their organs drop making cavity where IP can occur
intramuscular - ANSWER- IM, directly into a muscle
subcutaneous - ANSWER- SC, under the skin in cutaneous
who is SC commonly done in? - ANSWER- commonly done in rats;
scruff of neck where kittens and dogs are picked up by their mothers
oral administration - ANSWER- sublingual and inhalation
, sublingual administration - ANSWER- under tongue
allows for quicker absorption,
type of skin under tongue that allows for quicker absorption,
also faster
inhalation - ANSWER- into lungs traditionally, smoked or sniffing
smoked - ANSWER- absorbed by tissue in lungs (inhalation)
sniffing - ANSWER- enters mucous membrane of nose ⇒ enters faster into bloodstream
(intranasal)(insufflation)
topical - ANSWER- on top of skin (creams)
intrarectal - ANSWER- into the rectum
intracerebral - ANSWER- into brain ⇒ targets specific brain region; done in rats
intracerebroventricular - ANSWER- ICV, into ventricles (spinal fluid) distributed all over
brain; done in rats
where do drugs exert effect? - ANSWER- only at their sites of action
lipid solubility - ANSWER- most important factor in determining rate
strong lipid solubility - ANSWER- can easily pass thru blood brain barrier and flow into
CSF (cerebral spinal fluid)
lower solubility - ANSWER- have to be actively transported ⇒ takes longer for drug to
be distributed
rate - ANSWER- how quickly does it enter into CNS (spinal fluid)
where are drugs metabolised and deactivated by enzymes? - ANSWER- brain and liver
where are most drugs excreted? - ANSWER- kidneys
dose-response curve - ANSWER- locates point of maximum effect
sealing point - ANSWER- after sealing point, increasing the dose does not produce a
stronger effect
opiates have more than one effect - ANSWER- analgesic (reduce pain), depress heart
rate and respiration
Questions With Correct Detailed
Answers
psychopharmacology - ANSWER- the study of effects of drugs on nervous system and
behaviour
what are the two types of drugs - ANSWER- therepeautic ⇒ antidepressants
abuse ⇒ heroin
major aspects of drug influence (2) - ANSWER- drug effects,
sites of action
life cycle of drug (4) - ANSWER- absorption ⇒ distribution ⇒ metabolism ⇒ excretion
absorption - ANSWER- drug is administered and absorbed thru tissues
distribution - ANSWER- thru out body and blood
metabolism - ANSWER- drug is changed to inactive form by enzymes usually in liver
excretion - ANSWER- excreted in urine by kidneys
injection - ANSWER- IV, IP, IM, SC
intravenous - ANSWER- IV, fastest route,
into bloodstream
intraperitoneal - ANSWER- IP, cavity around stomach
who is IP commonly done in? - ANSWER- commonly done in rats; when rats are picked
up their organs drop making cavity where IP can occur
intramuscular - ANSWER- IM, directly into a muscle
subcutaneous - ANSWER- SC, under the skin in cutaneous
who is SC commonly done in? - ANSWER- commonly done in rats;
scruff of neck where kittens and dogs are picked up by their mothers
oral administration - ANSWER- sublingual and inhalation
, sublingual administration - ANSWER- under tongue
allows for quicker absorption,
type of skin under tongue that allows for quicker absorption,
also faster
inhalation - ANSWER- into lungs traditionally, smoked or sniffing
smoked - ANSWER- absorbed by tissue in lungs (inhalation)
sniffing - ANSWER- enters mucous membrane of nose ⇒ enters faster into bloodstream
(intranasal)(insufflation)
topical - ANSWER- on top of skin (creams)
intrarectal - ANSWER- into the rectum
intracerebral - ANSWER- into brain ⇒ targets specific brain region; done in rats
intracerebroventricular - ANSWER- ICV, into ventricles (spinal fluid) distributed all over
brain; done in rats
where do drugs exert effect? - ANSWER- only at their sites of action
lipid solubility - ANSWER- most important factor in determining rate
strong lipid solubility - ANSWER- can easily pass thru blood brain barrier and flow into
CSF (cerebral spinal fluid)
lower solubility - ANSWER- have to be actively transported ⇒ takes longer for drug to
be distributed
rate - ANSWER- how quickly does it enter into CNS (spinal fluid)
where are drugs metabolised and deactivated by enzymes? - ANSWER- brain and liver
where are most drugs excreted? - ANSWER- kidneys
dose-response curve - ANSWER- locates point of maximum effect
sealing point - ANSWER- after sealing point, increasing the dose does not produce a
stronger effect
opiates have more than one effect - ANSWER- analgesic (reduce pain), depress heart
rate and respiration
