DAANCE- Module 5- Office Anesthesia
Emergencies Exam- Solved
Actual order in which interventions are administered to treat MI (MONA) - ANSWER-
Oxygen, Nitro, Aspirin, Morphine
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency- what is it, how does it hurt a patient during a procedure,
and what are the symptoms? - ANSWER--Inadequate production of cortisol (hormone
produced and released by adrenal gland)
-insufficient control to support homeostatic needs of patient under stress.
- Symptoms: hypotension, pallor (pale) , diaphoresis (sweating) , nausea, tachycardia,
headache, extreme fatigue, high fever, shaking, abdominal pain and confusion.
Acute Coronary Syndrome - ANSWER-Two components:
1. Angina: damage to myocardium from dimished blood flow through coronary arteries.
2. Myocardial infarction: death of myocardial tissue when coronary arteries become
occlueded.
Aspiration - ANSWER-Occurs when the contents of the stomach enter the lungs
secondary to emesis, or when a foreign body or fluid inadvertently enters the lungs from
the oral pharyngeal cavity through the larynx.
Bronchospasm - ANSWER-Generalized contraction of the smooth muscles of the small
bronchi and bronchioles of the lungs, resulting in restriction of airflow to and from the
lungs. Patient will have more difficulty with expiration than inspiration.
Causes of Hypotension - ANSWER-Medications, syncope, shock, blood loss, drug
overdose, dehydration, allergy, infection, arrhythmias, and postural changes
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA or Stroke) - ANSWER-Damage to a portion of the brain
caused by a blood clot or piece of plaque in one of the cerebral arteries, arterial rupture
or hemorrhage due to high blood pressure, or various other causes such as trauma
Diagnosis of Bronchospasm - ANSWER-Labored breathing, aspirational difficulty, signs
of diminishing respiratory status (cyanosis or decreased ventilation patterns on
capnograph)
Hyperventilation - ANSWER-Occurs when the patient is breathing at a rate faster than
his/her normal breathing pattern or breathing more deeply than the body requires.
Triggered by a change in body's natural balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Patient
exhales too much carbon dioxide and will begin to feel light headed.
Hypoglycemia - ANSWER-Low blood glucose levels. Blood glucose levels fall below 60-
65 mg/dL. Mild symptoms: nausea, hunger, tachycardia. Moderate symptoms can occur
, below 50mg/dL: irritability, lack of energy, anxiety and restlessness. Severe symptoms
below 30mg/dL: loss of consciousness, seizures, coma, hypothermia.
Larygospasm- what is it, and what can a partial or complete closure result in? -
ANSWER-Protective reflex of the vocal cords that attempts to stop foreign matter
getting into the larynx, trachea, and lungs. Partial or complete closure of the vocal cords
can occur resulting in airway obstruction.
Mallampti Class I - ANSWER-Visualization of the soft palate, fauces, uvula, anterior and
posterior pillars
Mallampti Class II - ANSWER-Visualization of the soft palate, fauces, and uvula
Mallampti Class III - ANSWER-Visualization of the soft palate and the base of the uvula
Mallampti Class IV - ANSWER-Soft palate is not visible at all.
Mallampti Classification - ANSWER-Visual analysis of the oral/oropharyngeal anatomy
MONA - ANSWER-Morphine (helps with pain, decreases BP, and workload of heart)
Oxygen (heart needs oxygen)
Nitroglycerin (dilates blood vessels)
Aspirin (thins blood)
Patients more susceptible to bronchospasm - ANSWER-Patients with history of
allergies, asthma, COPD, and bronchitis
Respiratory Depression and Apnea - ANSWER-Can be the result of many different
causes and can result in increased heart rate and the development of hypoxia and
cyanosis. Many of the drugs administered for sedation can depress or stop the patient's
ability to breathe
Seizures - ANSWER-Abnormal discharge withing the brain which leads to distorted
body movements and flailing. Often followed by respiratory depression or apnea
Signs of Airway Obstruction - ANSWER-Choking, gagging, substernal notch retraction,
labored breathing, rapid pulse initially, then decreased pulse, respiratory arrest, and
cardiac arrest
Symptoms of Hypotension (5 things) - ANSWER-Weakness, nausea, impending loss of
consciousness, tachycardia, or possibly bradycardia
Syncope - ANSWER-Fainting, loss of consciousness due to a sudden sharp, usually
transient, drop in BP. Caused by shunting of blood flow to the extremities, pooling of
blood in the extremities decreases blood flow to brain. Presyncopal symptoms:
Emergencies Exam- Solved
Actual order in which interventions are administered to treat MI (MONA) - ANSWER-
Oxygen, Nitro, Aspirin, Morphine
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency- what is it, how does it hurt a patient during a procedure,
and what are the symptoms? - ANSWER--Inadequate production of cortisol (hormone
produced and released by adrenal gland)
-insufficient control to support homeostatic needs of patient under stress.
- Symptoms: hypotension, pallor (pale) , diaphoresis (sweating) , nausea, tachycardia,
headache, extreme fatigue, high fever, shaking, abdominal pain and confusion.
Acute Coronary Syndrome - ANSWER-Two components:
1. Angina: damage to myocardium from dimished blood flow through coronary arteries.
2. Myocardial infarction: death of myocardial tissue when coronary arteries become
occlueded.
Aspiration - ANSWER-Occurs when the contents of the stomach enter the lungs
secondary to emesis, or when a foreign body or fluid inadvertently enters the lungs from
the oral pharyngeal cavity through the larynx.
Bronchospasm - ANSWER-Generalized contraction of the smooth muscles of the small
bronchi and bronchioles of the lungs, resulting in restriction of airflow to and from the
lungs. Patient will have more difficulty with expiration than inspiration.
Causes of Hypotension - ANSWER-Medications, syncope, shock, blood loss, drug
overdose, dehydration, allergy, infection, arrhythmias, and postural changes
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA or Stroke) - ANSWER-Damage to a portion of the brain
caused by a blood clot or piece of plaque in one of the cerebral arteries, arterial rupture
or hemorrhage due to high blood pressure, or various other causes such as trauma
Diagnosis of Bronchospasm - ANSWER-Labored breathing, aspirational difficulty, signs
of diminishing respiratory status (cyanosis or decreased ventilation patterns on
capnograph)
Hyperventilation - ANSWER-Occurs when the patient is breathing at a rate faster than
his/her normal breathing pattern or breathing more deeply than the body requires.
Triggered by a change in body's natural balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Patient
exhales too much carbon dioxide and will begin to feel light headed.
Hypoglycemia - ANSWER-Low blood glucose levels. Blood glucose levels fall below 60-
65 mg/dL. Mild symptoms: nausea, hunger, tachycardia. Moderate symptoms can occur
, below 50mg/dL: irritability, lack of energy, anxiety and restlessness. Severe symptoms
below 30mg/dL: loss of consciousness, seizures, coma, hypothermia.
Larygospasm- what is it, and what can a partial or complete closure result in? -
ANSWER-Protective reflex of the vocal cords that attempts to stop foreign matter
getting into the larynx, trachea, and lungs. Partial or complete closure of the vocal cords
can occur resulting in airway obstruction.
Mallampti Class I - ANSWER-Visualization of the soft palate, fauces, uvula, anterior and
posterior pillars
Mallampti Class II - ANSWER-Visualization of the soft palate, fauces, and uvula
Mallampti Class III - ANSWER-Visualization of the soft palate and the base of the uvula
Mallampti Class IV - ANSWER-Soft palate is not visible at all.
Mallampti Classification - ANSWER-Visual analysis of the oral/oropharyngeal anatomy
MONA - ANSWER-Morphine (helps with pain, decreases BP, and workload of heart)
Oxygen (heart needs oxygen)
Nitroglycerin (dilates blood vessels)
Aspirin (thins blood)
Patients more susceptible to bronchospasm - ANSWER-Patients with history of
allergies, asthma, COPD, and bronchitis
Respiratory Depression and Apnea - ANSWER-Can be the result of many different
causes and can result in increased heart rate and the development of hypoxia and
cyanosis. Many of the drugs administered for sedation can depress or stop the patient's
ability to breathe
Seizures - ANSWER-Abnormal discharge withing the brain which leads to distorted
body movements and flailing. Often followed by respiratory depression or apnea
Signs of Airway Obstruction - ANSWER-Choking, gagging, substernal notch retraction,
labored breathing, rapid pulse initially, then decreased pulse, respiratory arrest, and
cardiac arrest
Symptoms of Hypotension (5 things) - ANSWER-Weakness, nausea, impending loss of
consciousness, tachycardia, or possibly bradycardia
Syncope - ANSWER-Fainting, loss of consciousness due to a sudden sharp, usually
transient, drop in BP. Caused by shunting of blood flow to the extremities, pooling of
blood in the extremities decreases blood flow to brain. Presyncopal symptoms:
