PHIL 235 UPDATED Actual Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
define ethics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔study of right and wrong in terms of human action
3 branches of ethical theory - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔meta-ethics, normative ethics,
applied ethics
define meta-ethics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔questioning the nature of ethics itself- what
do right and wrong actually mean
define normative ethics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔rules and principles which should guide
behavior
define applied ethics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔systematic development of fields of ethical
theory around controversial questions
4 branches of normative ethics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔consequentialism, non-
consequentialism(deontology), virtue ethics, ethics of care
definition of consequentialism and main philosopher - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔John
Stuart Mill- right and wrong are determined according to expected consequences by weighing
expected outcomes and picking whichever course of action is expected to give the best result
2 ways to determine "best result" in consequentialism - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔1) egosim
2) utilitarianism
definition of deontology and main philosopher - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Immanuel Kant-
some things are always right/wrong regardless of consequence
definition of virtue ethics and main philosopher - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Aristotle- not
what should i do but what kind of person should i be
, definition of ethics of care - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔critique of traditionally male theories
centered around privileging self-interested rational individuals
define morality - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔explicit or implicit system of rules that govern
the behavior and values of a certain group of people
define moral philosophy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔study of morality, its concepts,
practices and justifications
define ethical subjectivism - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔- centered around protecting
integrity of individuals rights for autonomy
-moral facts are not universal
- true arguments do not exist because subjectivism is centered around personal feeling
define ethical relativism - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔ethical statements true or false relative
to the speakers culture
define ethical objectivism - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔there are objective moral facts in the
universe not related to speakers culture or personal feelings
reasons to be skeptical of ethical subjectivism - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔fails to allow for
moral disagreement
reasons to be skeptical of ethical relativism - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔fails to allow for
any moral judgements between different cultures, moral progress, customs vs underlying
values
Define Hippocratic oath - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔guideline for decision making for HCP,
not whole followed, states above all do no harm
Kluge's 4 principles of biomedical ethics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Autonomy,
Nonmaleficence, Beneficence, Equality/Justice
Questions and CORRECT Answers
define ethics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔study of right and wrong in terms of human action
3 branches of ethical theory - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔meta-ethics, normative ethics,
applied ethics
define meta-ethics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔questioning the nature of ethics itself- what
do right and wrong actually mean
define normative ethics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔rules and principles which should guide
behavior
define applied ethics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔systematic development of fields of ethical
theory around controversial questions
4 branches of normative ethics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔consequentialism, non-
consequentialism(deontology), virtue ethics, ethics of care
definition of consequentialism and main philosopher - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔John
Stuart Mill- right and wrong are determined according to expected consequences by weighing
expected outcomes and picking whichever course of action is expected to give the best result
2 ways to determine "best result" in consequentialism - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔1) egosim
2) utilitarianism
definition of deontology and main philosopher - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Immanuel Kant-
some things are always right/wrong regardless of consequence
definition of virtue ethics and main philosopher - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Aristotle- not
what should i do but what kind of person should i be
, definition of ethics of care - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔critique of traditionally male theories
centered around privileging self-interested rational individuals
define morality - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔explicit or implicit system of rules that govern
the behavior and values of a certain group of people
define moral philosophy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔study of morality, its concepts,
practices and justifications
define ethical subjectivism - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔- centered around protecting
integrity of individuals rights for autonomy
-moral facts are not universal
- true arguments do not exist because subjectivism is centered around personal feeling
define ethical relativism - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔ethical statements true or false relative
to the speakers culture
define ethical objectivism - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔there are objective moral facts in the
universe not related to speakers culture or personal feelings
reasons to be skeptical of ethical subjectivism - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔fails to allow for
moral disagreement
reasons to be skeptical of ethical relativism - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔fails to allow for
any moral judgements between different cultures, moral progress, customs vs underlying
values
Define Hippocratic oath - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔guideline for decision making for HCP,
not whole followed, states above all do no harm
Kluge's 4 principles of biomedical ethics - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Autonomy,
Nonmaleficence, Beneficence, Equality/Justice
