NURB 3050 Pathophysiology EXAM 2 with
complete solutions 2024/2025
Be able to explain the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System - ANSWER-1)
Blood pressure drops
2)Sympathetic Nervous system is activated
3)Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells are activated and release renin
4) Angiotensinogen released by the liver
5) Then converted to Angiotensin 1
6) ACE system converts AG1 to Angiotensin 2
7) Vasoconstriction
Kidneys keep Na+ and H20
Adrenal cortex releases Aldosterone to keep Na+ and H20
Post Pituitary gland releases ADH
Name the functions of the renal system. (A WET BED) - ANSWER-Acid-base
balance
Water balance
Electrolyte balance
Toxin removal
Blood Pressure control
Erythropoietin making
D vitamin metabolism
What is the functional unit of the renal system? - ANSWER-The Nephron
Glomerular Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
, What is the glomerulus and what is its function? - ANSWER-It is at the beginning
of the nephron, it's a network of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering
the blood.
Explain Glomerular Filtration Rate and why is it significant to renal function? -
ANSWER-Measures how well the kidneys are filtering blood. Determines if the
kidneys are working correctly or if they are failing
Which diagnostic tests are used to determine renal function? - ANSWER-
Urinalysis
Glomerular filtration rate
Blood tests
oSerum creatinine
oBlood urea nitrogen
Cystoscopy
Ultrasonography
Radiologic
Explain the role of the tubules within the nephron. - ANSWER-As the filtrate flows
through the tubule, the concentration of water and electrolytes in the filtrate
changes due to:
oReabsorption of water and solutes by tubular cells into the peritubular capillary
blood
oSecretion from the blood into the tubular lumen
Define micturition reflex - ANSWER-a reflex pathway that causes bladder
contraction during urination
Function of Body Fluids - ANSWER-- Transport gases, nutrients, and wastes
- Help generate the electrical activity needed to power body functions
- Take part in the transforming of food into energy
- Maintain the overall function of the body
What percentage of cardiac output influences the amount of blood flow through
the renal system each day? - ANSWER-25%
Which hormones are released by the kidneys? What cellular response does each
have? - ANSWER-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)- Alters collecting tubules
permeability to H2O
complete solutions 2024/2025
Be able to explain the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System - ANSWER-1)
Blood pressure drops
2)Sympathetic Nervous system is activated
3)Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells are activated and release renin
4) Angiotensinogen released by the liver
5) Then converted to Angiotensin 1
6) ACE system converts AG1 to Angiotensin 2
7) Vasoconstriction
Kidneys keep Na+ and H20
Adrenal cortex releases Aldosterone to keep Na+ and H20
Post Pituitary gland releases ADH
Name the functions of the renal system. (A WET BED) - ANSWER-Acid-base
balance
Water balance
Electrolyte balance
Toxin removal
Blood Pressure control
Erythropoietin making
D vitamin metabolism
What is the functional unit of the renal system? - ANSWER-The Nephron
Glomerular Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
, What is the glomerulus and what is its function? - ANSWER-It is at the beginning
of the nephron, it's a network of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering
the blood.
Explain Glomerular Filtration Rate and why is it significant to renal function? -
ANSWER-Measures how well the kidneys are filtering blood. Determines if the
kidneys are working correctly or if they are failing
Which diagnostic tests are used to determine renal function? - ANSWER-
Urinalysis
Glomerular filtration rate
Blood tests
oSerum creatinine
oBlood urea nitrogen
Cystoscopy
Ultrasonography
Radiologic
Explain the role of the tubules within the nephron. - ANSWER-As the filtrate flows
through the tubule, the concentration of water and electrolytes in the filtrate
changes due to:
oReabsorption of water and solutes by tubular cells into the peritubular capillary
blood
oSecretion from the blood into the tubular lumen
Define micturition reflex - ANSWER-a reflex pathway that causes bladder
contraction during urination
Function of Body Fluids - ANSWER-- Transport gases, nutrients, and wastes
- Help generate the electrical activity needed to power body functions
- Take part in the transforming of food into energy
- Maintain the overall function of the body
What percentage of cardiac output influences the amount of blood flow through
the renal system each day? - ANSWER-25%
Which hormones are released by the kidneys? What cellular response does each
have? - ANSWER-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)- Alters collecting tubules
permeability to H2O
