CNRN exam with complete solutions
2024/2025
specific condition of small vessels that can lead to lacunar strokes - ANSWER-
lipohyalinosis
what is the greatest risk factor for lacunar strokes - ANSWER-hypertension
tiny areas of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of small penetrating arteries
- ANSWER-lacunar strokes
what percentage of ischemic strokes do lacunar strokes account for - ANSWER-
25%
what are the 5 classic syndromes of lacunar strokes - ANSWER-pure motor
hemiparesis, ataxic hemiparesis, dysarthria/clumsy hand syndrome, pure
sensory stroke, and mixed sensorimotor stroke
what is the only non-pain sensitive tissue in the head/brain - ANSWER-brain
parenchyma
what is the biggest insurmountable obstacle to effective pharmacological
treatments for patients with cluster headaches - ANSWER-cigarette smoking
subdural hematomas most commonly result from what? - ANSWER-venous
bleeding from the tearing of briding veins
how is the diagnosis of DAI confirmed - ANSWER-clinical diagnosis, definitively
dx requires microscopice examination of the brain tissue.
, what are classic signs of autonomic dysfunction syndrome and what's the most
common intervention - ANSWER-hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and
fever---iv morphine
what is the MOST common source of infection leading to brain abcesses? -
ANSWER-hematogenous spread from distant infected sites, such as PNA, lung
abscess, or bacterial endocarditis
what group of people have the greatest risk of ICH? - ANSWER-patients with
unruptured intracerebral AVM's
what is the most important diagnostic test for the pt having a dull headache,
superimposed ice pick sensations on the scalp, jaw claudication, and elevated
ESR? - ANSWER-temporal artery biopsy--r/o giant cell arteritis
what is a potential complication of a CSF leak in basal skull fx's? - ANSWER-the
trapping of portions of the frontal meninges b/w the fx edges with a persistent
CSF leak requiring surgical intervention
what is the best way to accomplish external draining of CSF via an EVD? -
ANSWER-drain a few drops/minute and close the drain after 5min or less
what is the Tinel's sign - ANSWER-most frequently associated with carpel tunnel,
gently tap or percuss over the injured nerve to elicit a sensation of tingling or
"pins and needles" in the nerve distribution area.
what is the Phalen's sign? - ANSWER-maneuver to diagnose carpel tunnel--hands
forced dorsal sides together and wrists flexed to 90deg; positive test causes
burning, tingling, or numb sensation over the thumb, index, middle and ring
fingers.
what is the most common cause of Erb's palsy? - ANSWER-dystocia or abnormal
or difficult childbirth or labor
what are the most common sign's of erb's palsy? - ANSWER-loss of sensation in
the arm and paralysis and atrophy of the deltoid, biceps, and brachialis muscles.
how is the management of the GI system in a SCI pt intiated in the ED? -
ANSWER-by inserting a NGT d/t the high risk of gastric immotility resulting in
distention and an ileus.
2024/2025
specific condition of small vessels that can lead to lacunar strokes - ANSWER-
lipohyalinosis
what is the greatest risk factor for lacunar strokes - ANSWER-hypertension
tiny areas of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of small penetrating arteries
- ANSWER-lacunar strokes
what percentage of ischemic strokes do lacunar strokes account for - ANSWER-
25%
what are the 5 classic syndromes of lacunar strokes - ANSWER-pure motor
hemiparesis, ataxic hemiparesis, dysarthria/clumsy hand syndrome, pure
sensory stroke, and mixed sensorimotor stroke
what is the only non-pain sensitive tissue in the head/brain - ANSWER-brain
parenchyma
what is the biggest insurmountable obstacle to effective pharmacological
treatments for patients with cluster headaches - ANSWER-cigarette smoking
subdural hematomas most commonly result from what? - ANSWER-venous
bleeding from the tearing of briding veins
how is the diagnosis of DAI confirmed - ANSWER-clinical diagnosis, definitively
dx requires microscopice examination of the brain tissue.
, what are classic signs of autonomic dysfunction syndrome and what's the most
common intervention - ANSWER-hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and
fever---iv morphine
what is the MOST common source of infection leading to brain abcesses? -
ANSWER-hematogenous spread from distant infected sites, such as PNA, lung
abscess, or bacterial endocarditis
what group of people have the greatest risk of ICH? - ANSWER-patients with
unruptured intracerebral AVM's
what is the most important diagnostic test for the pt having a dull headache,
superimposed ice pick sensations on the scalp, jaw claudication, and elevated
ESR? - ANSWER-temporal artery biopsy--r/o giant cell arteritis
what is a potential complication of a CSF leak in basal skull fx's? - ANSWER-the
trapping of portions of the frontal meninges b/w the fx edges with a persistent
CSF leak requiring surgical intervention
what is the best way to accomplish external draining of CSF via an EVD? -
ANSWER-drain a few drops/minute and close the drain after 5min or less
what is the Tinel's sign - ANSWER-most frequently associated with carpel tunnel,
gently tap or percuss over the injured nerve to elicit a sensation of tingling or
"pins and needles" in the nerve distribution area.
what is the Phalen's sign? - ANSWER-maneuver to diagnose carpel tunnel--hands
forced dorsal sides together and wrists flexed to 90deg; positive test causes
burning, tingling, or numb sensation over the thumb, index, middle and ring
fingers.
what is the most common cause of Erb's palsy? - ANSWER-dystocia or abnormal
or difficult childbirth or labor
what are the most common sign's of erb's palsy? - ANSWER-loss of sensation in
the arm and paralysis and atrophy of the deltoid, biceps, and brachialis muscles.
how is the management of the GI system in a SCI pt intiated in the ED? -
ANSWER-by inserting a NGT d/t the high risk of gastric immotility resulting in
distention and an ileus.
