COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE FINAL EXAM
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is cognitive neuroscience? Correct Answer Combination of
cognitive psychology and brain structure/function
What is social cognitive neuroscience? Correct Answer Study of
brain and cognitive processes during social interactions
What are neurons? Correct Answer Signaling cells that transmit
electrical or chemical messages
What are glia? Correct Answer Support cells that guide
development and repair damage
What are neurotransmitters? Correct Answer Chemical signals
that transmit messages between neurons
How does synaptic transmission occur? Correct Answer
Chemical signals cross the synapse between neurons
What is convergence? Correct Answer Postsynaptic neuron
receiving signals from multiple presynaptic neurons
What is divergence? Correct Answer Presynaptic neuron forming
synapses with multiple postsynaptic neurons
How do neurotransmitters affect signal transmission within
neurons? Correct Answer They affect membrane potential by ion
flow
,What is an action potential? Correct Answer An electrical signal
produced if ionic flow surpasses cell threshold
How is information coded in the brain? Correct Answer Through
the frequency and intensity of action potentials
What is a receptive field? Correct Answer The spatial area to
which a neuron is responsive
What is the central nervous system (CNS) composed of? Correct
Answer The brain, brainstem, and spinal cord
What functions does the hindbrain control? Correct Answer Key
life functions, balance, sound discrimination, sensory integration
What functions does the midbrain control? Correct Answer
Coordinating eye movements, auditory pathway, pain regulation
What are the different mental processes involved in cognition?
Correct Answer The different mental processes involved in
cognition are thinking, perceiving, speaking, acting, and planning.
What is the difference between dualism and dual-aspect theory?
Correct Answer Dualism claims that the mind and the brain are
separate entities, while dual-aspect theory suggests that the mind
and the brain are two aspects of the same substance.
What is the role of the amygdala in the brain? Correct Answer
The amygdala is a brain structure involved in processing
emotions.
What is the purpose of event-related potentials (ERPs)? Correct
Answer Event-related potentials (ERPs) are used to measure
brain activity in response to specific events.
,How does magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide structural
information about the brain? Correct Answer MRI uses magnets
and radio waves to visualize the soft tissue of the brain.
What is the difference between diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and
MRI? Correct Answer DTI tracks the diffusion of water molecules
along axons to map out white matter pathways, while MRI
provides structural information about the brain.
How does functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
measure brain activity? Correct Answer fMRI measures changes
in blood flow to infer brain activity.
What is the purpose of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS)? Correct Answer rTMS is used to stimulate or deactivate
specific brain regions and is often used in a therapeutic setting.
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in the brain? Correct
Answer The prefrontal cortex is a brain region involved in rational
thought and decision-making.
How does a brain-computer interface (BCI) work? Correct Answer
A BCI allows control of a computer or device using brain activity.
What is the purpose of magnetoencephalography (MEG)? Correct
Answer MEG records the magnetic properties of electrical signals
in the brain and provides better spatial resolution than EEG.
What are brainwaves and how are they measured? Correct
Answer Brainwaves are patterns of electrical activity in the brain
and can be measured using electroencephalogram (EEG).
What is the difference between metaphor and literal sentences?
Correct Answer Metaphor is a figure of speech that compares
, two unrelated things, while literal sentences are statements that
are true in a straightforward sense.
How does diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) track white matter
pathways? Correct Answer DTI tracks the diffusion of water
molecules along axons and maps out the connections between
different brain regions.
What is the purpose of event-related potentials (ERPs) in
cognitive neuroscience? Correct Answer ERPs are used to
measure brain activity in response to specific events and provide
insights into cognitive processes.
What is the difference between thinking and perceiving? Correct
Answer Thinking is the process of generating thoughts and ideas,
while perceiving is the process of interpreting sensory information.
Explain the concept of dualism. Correct Answer Dualism is the
belief that the mind and body are separate entities.
What is the role of the amygdala in emotions? Correct Answer
The amygdala is a brain region involved in processing emotions
and emotional memories.
How does an EEG measure brain activity? Correct Answer An
EEG records electrical activity from the brain using electrodes
placed on the scalp.
What are event-related potentials? Correct Answer Event-related
potentials are electrical signals recorded from the brain in
response to a specific event or stimulus.
What is the difference between structural and functional imaging?
Correct Answer Structural imaging provides information about the
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is cognitive neuroscience? Correct Answer Combination of
cognitive psychology and brain structure/function
What is social cognitive neuroscience? Correct Answer Study of
brain and cognitive processes during social interactions
What are neurons? Correct Answer Signaling cells that transmit
electrical or chemical messages
What are glia? Correct Answer Support cells that guide
development and repair damage
What are neurotransmitters? Correct Answer Chemical signals
that transmit messages between neurons
How does synaptic transmission occur? Correct Answer
Chemical signals cross the synapse between neurons
What is convergence? Correct Answer Postsynaptic neuron
receiving signals from multiple presynaptic neurons
What is divergence? Correct Answer Presynaptic neuron forming
synapses with multiple postsynaptic neurons
How do neurotransmitters affect signal transmission within
neurons? Correct Answer They affect membrane potential by ion
flow
,What is an action potential? Correct Answer An electrical signal
produced if ionic flow surpasses cell threshold
How is information coded in the brain? Correct Answer Through
the frequency and intensity of action potentials
What is a receptive field? Correct Answer The spatial area to
which a neuron is responsive
What is the central nervous system (CNS) composed of? Correct
Answer The brain, brainstem, and spinal cord
What functions does the hindbrain control? Correct Answer Key
life functions, balance, sound discrimination, sensory integration
What functions does the midbrain control? Correct Answer
Coordinating eye movements, auditory pathway, pain regulation
What are the different mental processes involved in cognition?
Correct Answer The different mental processes involved in
cognition are thinking, perceiving, speaking, acting, and planning.
What is the difference between dualism and dual-aspect theory?
Correct Answer Dualism claims that the mind and the brain are
separate entities, while dual-aspect theory suggests that the mind
and the brain are two aspects of the same substance.
What is the role of the amygdala in the brain? Correct Answer
The amygdala is a brain structure involved in processing
emotions.
What is the purpose of event-related potentials (ERPs)? Correct
Answer Event-related potentials (ERPs) are used to measure
brain activity in response to specific events.
,How does magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide structural
information about the brain? Correct Answer MRI uses magnets
and radio waves to visualize the soft tissue of the brain.
What is the difference between diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and
MRI? Correct Answer DTI tracks the diffusion of water molecules
along axons to map out white matter pathways, while MRI
provides structural information about the brain.
How does functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
measure brain activity? Correct Answer fMRI measures changes
in blood flow to infer brain activity.
What is the purpose of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS)? Correct Answer rTMS is used to stimulate or deactivate
specific brain regions and is often used in a therapeutic setting.
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in the brain? Correct
Answer The prefrontal cortex is a brain region involved in rational
thought and decision-making.
How does a brain-computer interface (BCI) work? Correct Answer
A BCI allows control of a computer or device using brain activity.
What is the purpose of magnetoencephalography (MEG)? Correct
Answer MEG records the magnetic properties of electrical signals
in the brain and provides better spatial resolution than EEG.
What are brainwaves and how are they measured? Correct
Answer Brainwaves are patterns of electrical activity in the brain
and can be measured using electroencephalogram (EEG).
What is the difference between metaphor and literal sentences?
Correct Answer Metaphor is a figure of speech that compares
, two unrelated things, while literal sentences are statements that
are true in a straightforward sense.
How does diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) track white matter
pathways? Correct Answer DTI tracks the diffusion of water
molecules along axons and maps out the connections between
different brain regions.
What is the purpose of event-related potentials (ERPs) in
cognitive neuroscience? Correct Answer ERPs are used to
measure brain activity in response to specific events and provide
insights into cognitive processes.
What is the difference between thinking and perceiving? Correct
Answer Thinking is the process of generating thoughts and ideas,
while perceiving is the process of interpreting sensory information.
Explain the concept of dualism. Correct Answer Dualism is the
belief that the mind and body are separate entities.
What is the role of the amygdala in emotions? Correct Answer
The amygdala is a brain region involved in processing emotions
and emotional memories.
How does an EEG measure brain activity? Correct Answer An
EEG records electrical activity from the brain using electrodes
placed on the scalp.
What are event-related potentials? Correct Answer Event-related
potentials are electrical signals recorded from the brain in
response to a specific event or stimulus.
What is the difference between structural and functional imaging?
Correct Answer Structural imaging provides information about the
