NUR 3610 Exam 3 Questions And Accurate Answers
Latest Update 2024-2025
Causes of hypertension
High Na level, atherosclerosis, smoking, stress, medication, pregnancy, hormone
changes
How does high Na cause hypertension?
causes increased fluid
primary hypertension causes
increase salt intake, increase blood volume, genetic disorders, stress, artery blockages
Secondary hypertension causes
pregnancy, medications, drugs, certain illnesses
Hypertension can cause
CVA, vision loss, vessel damage, kidney failure, bone loss, MI
Normal BP
<120 / <80
Prehypertension
120--90
Stage 1 hypertesion
140--99
Stage 2 hypertension
>160 / >100
Hypertensive emergency
>180 />120
Hypertension medications include
ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and angiotensin 2 blockers
,ACE inhibitors work by
Help relax the veins and arteries to lower blood pressure. They block an enzyme in the
body that converts a chemical called angiotensin I into angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a
strong blood vessel constrictor.
ACE inhibitor medications
enalapril, lisinopril, benazepril
ACE inhibitor side effects
dry cough, angioedema
Examples of beta blockers
metoprolol, propranolol
Beta blockers work by
Slowing the heart rate and reducing the force of the heart's contractions, which lowers
blood pressure
Beta blocker side effects
fatigue, bradycardia, hypotension
Beta blocker patient education
change positions slow, take at same time each day, teach how to take pulse and BP at
home (in hospital will hold for a HR less than 50 and a SBP less than 90 mmHg)
Beta blocker administration alert
hold for a HR less than 50 and a SBP less than 90 mmHg
Calcium channel blocker meds
amlodipine, nifedipine, diltiazem, verapamil
Calcium channel blockers work by
blocking calcium access sites to reduce contractility of the heart
Calcium channel blocker side effects
decreased BP, bradycardia, prolong AV block headache, unusual discomfort,
peripheral edema
First line hypertension treatment for African Americans and Hispanics
Calcium channel blockers
, Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker examples
losartan, valsartan
Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers work by
blocking angiotensin 2 receptor on tissues
Angiotensin 2 receptor medications end in
-sartan
Calcium channel blocker medications end in
-pine
Beta blocker medications end in
-lol
ACE inhibitor medications end in
- pril
What is heart failure?
Poor contractility of the heart, blood is not being pumped efficiently
Lab indicator of heart failure
high BNP
Why does BNP elevate in heart failure
ventricular myocardium is stretched which leaks BNP into circulation
Normal BNP level
<100
What diagnostics are performed for heart failure
Echocardiogram, chest x-ray, cardiac catheterization
Echocardiograms do what?
show the heart structure, blood being pumped through, and ejection fraction
Chest x-rays do what?
Show cardiomegaly
Cardiac catheterization does what?
Latest Update 2024-2025
Causes of hypertension
High Na level, atherosclerosis, smoking, stress, medication, pregnancy, hormone
changes
How does high Na cause hypertension?
causes increased fluid
primary hypertension causes
increase salt intake, increase blood volume, genetic disorders, stress, artery blockages
Secondary hypertension causes
pregnancy, medications, drugs, certain illnesses
Hypertension can cause
CVA, vision loss, vessel damage, kidney failure, bone loss, MI
Normal BP
<120 / <80
Prehypertension
120--90
Stage 1 hypertesion
140--99
Stage 2 hypertension
>160 / >100
Hypertensive emergency
>180 />120
Hypertension medications include
ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and angiotensin 2 blockers
,ACE inhibitors work by
Help relax the veins and arteries to lower blood pressure. They block an enzyme in the
body that converts a chemical called angiotensin I into angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a
strong blood vessel constrictor.
ACE inhibitor medications
enalapril, lisinopril, benazepril
ACE inhibitor side effects
dry cough, angioedema
Examples of beta blockers
metoprolol, propranolol
Beta blockers work by
Slowing the heart rate and reducing the force of the heart's contractions, which lowers
blood pressure
Beta blocker side effects
fatigue, bradycardia, hypotension
Beta blocker patient education
change positions slow, take at same time each day, teach how to take pulse and BP at
home (in hospital will hold for a HR less than 50 and a SBP less than 90 mmHg)
Beta blocker administration alert
hold for a HR less than 50 and a SBP less than 90 mmHg
Calcium channel blocker meds
amlodipine, nifedipine, diltiazem, verapamil
Calcium channel blockers work by
blocking calcium access sites to reduce contractility of the heart
Calcium channel blocker side effects
decreased BP, bradycardia, prolong AV block headache, unusual discomfort,
peripheral edema
First line hypertension treatment for African Americans and Hispanics
Calcium channel blockers
, Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker examples
losartan, valsartan
Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers work by
blocking angiotensin 2 receptor on tissues
Angiotensin 2 receptor medications end in
-sartan
Calcium channel blocker medications end in
-pine
Beta blocker medications end in
-lol
ACE inhibitor medications end in
- pril
What is heart failure?
Poor contractility of the heart, blood is not being pumped efficiently
Lab indicator of heart failure
high BNP
Why does BNP elevate in heart failure
ventricular myocardium is stretched which leaks BNP into circulation
Normal BNP level
<100
What diagnostics are performed for heart failure
Echocardiogram, chest x-ray, cardiac catheterization
Echocardiograms do what?
show the heart structure, blood being pumped through, and ejection fraction
Chest x-rays do what?
Show cardiomegaly
Cardiac catheterization does what?
