NUR 3610 Exam 3 Questions And Accurate Answers
2024-2025
Cardiac output-Answer the volume of blood ejected by the heart each minute; normal
range in adults is 4-7 L/min
Preload -Answer the degree of myocardial fiber stretch at the end of diastole and just
before contraction; determined by the amount of blood returning to the heart form both
the venous system and the pulmonary system
Afterload, the tension or resistance the ventricles must overcome to pump blood
through the semilunar valves and into the peripheral blood vessels; the greater the
afterload pressure required to do this, the higher the arterial blood pressure; resistance
is directly proportional to the diameter of the vessel
Contractility - the ability of atrial and ventricular muscle cells to shorten their fiber
length in response to electrical stimulation, generating enough pressure to push blood
forward; the mechanical activity of the heart
Identify the four classes of Heart failure and described the differences - Answer a.
patients at high risk for developing heart failure (class I NYHA- patients with cardiac
disease but without resulting limitations of physical activity)
b. Those with cardiac structural abnormalities or remodeling without the development
of symptoms of HF, class I NYHA-patients with cardiac disease but resulting in no
limitation of physical activity. c. Those with current or prior symptoms of HF, class II or
III NYHA-patients with cardiac disease resulting in slight limitation of physical activity or
resulting in marked limitation of physical activity.
d. patients with refractory end-stage HF (class IV NYHA-patients with cardiac disease
resulting in inability to carry on any physical activity without discomfort)
Troponin- myocardial muscle protein released into the bloodstream with injury to
myocardial muscle - Answer Troponin T < 0.10 ng/mL
, Troponin I < 0.03 ng/mL
Elevations indicate myocardial injury or infarction
Triglycerides- evaluated to assess the risk for CAD - Answer Females: 35-135 mg/dL
Males: 40-160 mg/dL
Elevation indicates increased risk for CAD
Cholesterol (HDL and LDL)- tested to diagnose risk for CAD - Answer HDL
Females: > 55 mg/dL
Males: > 45 mg/dL
LDL < 130 mg/dL
HDL- elevations protect against CAD
LDL- elevations indicates increased risk for CAD
Creatinine kinase (CK)- the muscle cells in your body need CK to function - Answer
22-198 u/L
Higher quantities of serum CK reflect muscle damage from a chronic disease or acute
muscle injury
CK-MB- cardiac marker used to help diagnose an acute myocardial infarction - Answer
Normal is 0
Elevated CK-MB levels in serum is highly specific and sensitive for myocardial cell wall
injury
2024-2025
Cardiac output-Answer the volume of blood ejected by the heart each minute; normal
range in adults is 4-7 L/min
Preload -Answer the degree of myocardial fiber stretch at the end of diastole and just
before contraction; determined by the amount of blood returning to the heart form both
the venous system and the pulmonary system
Afterload, the tension or resistance the ventricles must overcome to pump blood
through the semilunar valves and into the peripheral blood vessels; the greater the
afterload pressure required to do this, the higher the arterial blood pressure; resistance
is directly proportional to the diameter of the vessel
Contractility - the ability of atrial and ventricular muscle cells to shorten their fiber
length in response to electrical stimulation, generating enough pressure to push blood
forward; the mechanical activity of the heart
Identify the four classes of Heart failure and described the differences - Answer a.
patients at high risk for developing heart failure (class I NYHA- patients with cardiac
disease but without resulting limitations of physical activity)
b. Those with cardiac structural abnormalities or remodeling without the development
of symptoms of HF, class I NYHA-patients with cardiac disease but resulting in no
limitation of physical activity. c. Those with current or prior symptoms of HF, class II or
III NYHA-patients with cardiac disease resulting in slight limitation of physical activity or
resulting in marked limitation of physical activity.
d. patients with refractory end-stage HF (class IV NYHA-patients with cardiac disease
resulting in inability to carry on any physical activity without discomfort)
Troponin- myocardial muscle protein released into the bloodstream with injury to
myocardial muscle - Answer Troponin T < 0.10 ng/mL
, Troponin I < 0.03 ng/mL
Elevations indicate myocardial injury or infarction
Triglycerides- evaluated to assess the risk for CAD - Answer Females: 35-135 mg/dL
Males: 40-160 mg/dL
Elevation indicates increased risk for CAD
Cholesterol (HDL and LDL)- tested to diagnose risk for CAD - Answer HDL
Females: > 55 mg/dL
Males: > 45 mg/dL
LDL < 130 mg/dL
HDL- elevations protect against CAD
LDL- elevations indicates increased risk for CAD
Creatinine kinase (CK)- the muscle cells in your body need CK to function - Answer
22-198 u/L
Higher quantities of serum CK reflect muscle damage from a chronic disease or acute
muscle injury
CK-MB- cardiac marker used to help diagnose an acute myocardial infarction - Answer
Normal is 0
Elevated CK-MB levels in serum is highly specific and sensitive for myocardial cell wall
injury
