ECU Biology 1100 Test 1 Solved 100%
2nd Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER-Molecules will naturally move down the
concentration gradient
Acid - ANSWER-Pulls in electrons=negative charge
Active Transport - ANSWER-Requires ATP, drives molecules/proteins up concentration
gradients by changing shape of proteins
Adenosine Triphosphatase - ANSWER-A molecule present in all living cells and acting
as an energy source for metabolic processes
Adenylyl Cyclase/cAMP - ANSWER-Stopping process to cooperate with neighbor
Adhesion - ANSWER-An attraction between molecules of different substances
Amoeba - ANSWER-A type of protist characterized by great flexibility and the presence
of pseudopodia.
Amphipathic Molecule - ANSWER-A molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a
hydrophobic region.
Anion - ANSWER-Negative charge=element gains an electron
Anton van Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER-First to observe microorganisms using a
microscope of his own design in 1675. Described them as animalcules-little animals
Atomic Mass - ANSWER-The average mass of all the isotopes of an element
Atomic Number - ANSWER-Number of protons in nucleus of an atom
Autocrine Signaling - ANSWER-Cells release signals that affect themselves and nearby
target cells
Base - ANSWER-Pulls in protons=positive charge
Bilayer - ANSWER-a layer that is two molecules thick
Cadherins - ANSWER-A member of an important class of cell adhesion molecules that
requires extracellular calcium ions for its function.
Cation - ANSWER-Positive charge=element loses electron
Central Vacuole - ANSWER-Lysosome like organelles in plant cells
, Change in Gene Expression - ANSWER-During an individual organisms' lifetime, this is
most likely to help the organism respond properly to changes in its environment
Chloroplast - ANSWER-sunlight is converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis.
Double membrane around exterior.
Cholesterol - ANSWER-A large, ring shaped lipid found in cell membranes. Cholesterol
is the precursor for steroid hormones, and is used to manufacture bile salts.
Chromatin - ANSWER-Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
Cis-Face - ANSWER-receiving end of the golgi apparatus
Cisternae - ANSWER-membranous sacs in the Golgi apparatus
Cohesion - ANSWER-Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Concentration Gradient - ANSWER-A region along which the density of a chemical
substance increases or decreases.
Covalent Bond - ANSWER-Sharing electrons between elements
Crystol - ANSWER-fluid portion between the plasma membrane and these organelles.
Cytoplasm - ANSWER-all components of a cell, excluding the nucleus
Density of H20 - ANSWER-1 g/mL (at 4 degrees C)
Desmosomes - ANSWER-Connect to cytoskeletons of cells
Dictyostelium - ANSWER-protist that can sense AMP(energy) and will move itself
towards that energy
Diffusion - ANSWER-Movement of materials from an area of high concentration to low
concentration Water always moves to a higher concentration of molecules
Electrochemical Gradient - ANSWER-Ions move down a gradient toward the opposite
charge
Electron - ANSWER-Negatively charged. Located in electron orbital
Electron Orbitals - ANSWER-Volumes of space surrounding the atomic nucleus where
electrons are likely to be found
Electronegativity - ANSWER-how strongly an element is attracting electrons.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER-Molecules will naturally move down the
concentration gradient
Acid - ANSWER-Pulls in electrons=negative charge
Active Transport - ANSWER-Requires ATP, drives molecules/proteins up concentration
gradients by changing shape of proteins
Adenosine Triphosphatase - ANSWER-A molecule present in all living cells and acting
as an energy source for metabolic processes
Adenylyl Cyclase/cAMP - ANSWER-Stopping process to cooperate with neighbor
Adhesion - ANSWER-An attraction between molecules of different substances
Amoeba - ANSWER-A type of protist characterized by great flexibility and the presence
of pseudopodia.
Amphipathic Molecule - ANSWER-A molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a
hydrophobic region.
Anion - ANSWER-Negative charge=element gains an electron
Anton van Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER-First to observe microorganisms using a
microscope of his own design in 1675. Described them as animalcules-little animals
Atomic Mass - ANSWER-The average mass of all the isotopes of an element
Atomic Number - ANSWER-Number of protons in nucleus of an atom
Autocrine Signaling - ANSWER-Cells release signals that affect themselves and nearby
target cells
Base - ANSWER-Pulls in protons=positive charge
Bilayer - ANSWER-a layer that is two molecules thick
Cadherins - ANSWER-A member of an important class of cell adhesion molecules that
requires extracellular calcium ions for its function.
Cation - ANSWER-Positive charge=element loses electron
Central Vacuole - ANSWER-Lysosome like organelles in plant cells
, Change in Gene Expression - ANSWER-During an individual organisms' lifetime, this is
most likely to help the organism respond properly to changes in its environment
Chloroplast - ANSWER-sunlight is converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis.
Double membrane around exterior.
Cholesterol - ANSWER-A large, ring shaped lipid found in cell membranes. Cholesterol
is the precursor for steroid hormones, and is used to manufacture bile salts.
Chromatin - ANSWER-Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
Cis-Face - ANSWER-receiving end of the golgi apparatus
Cisternae - ANSWER-membranous sacs in the Golgi apparatus
Cohesion - ANSWER-Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Concentration Gradient - ANSWER-A region along which the density of a chemical
substance increases or decreases.
Covalent Bond - ANSWER-Sharing electrons between elements
Crystol - ANSWER-fluid portion between the plasma membrane and these organelles.
Cytoplasm - ANSWER-all components of a cell, excluding the nucleus
Density of H20 - ANSWER-1 g/mL (at 4 degrees C)
Desmosomes - ANSWER-Connect to cytoskeletons of cells
Dictyostelium - ANSWER-protist that can sense AMP(energy) and will move itself
towards that energy
Diffusion - ANSWER-Movement of materials from an area of high concentration to low
concentration Water always moves to a higher concentration of molecules
Electrochemical Gradient - ANSWER-Ions move down a gradient toward the opposite
charge
Electron - ANSWER-Negatively charged. Located in electron orbital
Electron Orbitals - ANSWER-Volumes of space surrounding the atomic nucleus where
electrons are likely to be found
Electronegativity - ANSWER-how strongly an element is attracting electrons.
