ECU Bio 1100 Final Exam Study Guide
with Complete Solutions
Acetyl CoA - ANSWER-important molecule that participates in many biochemical
reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Active Transport: Pumps - ANSWER-Cells can transport molecules or ions
They move against an electrochemical gradient
They require energy in the form of ATP
Move against concentration gradient
Allosteric Regulation - ANSWER-regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector
molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site.
Alternative Splicing - ANSWER-regulated process during gene expression that results in
a single gene coding for multiple protein.
Anabolic - ANSWER-Chemical Reactions that synthesize molecules in metabolism.
Anaphase - ANSWER-Stage of mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move
away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle
Animal Cells - ANSWER-No cell wall: Round: Multiple small vacuoles: no chloroplasts.
Calvin's Cycle - ANSWER-Light- Independent reactions in photosynthesis that take
place in three key steps.
Carbohydrate Uses - ANSWER-Provide energy, store energy, build macromolecules,
and spare protein and fat for other uses.
Codon - ANSWER-The group of three bases
Specifies a particular amino acid
competitive inhibition - ANSWER-binding of the inhibitor to the active site on the
enzyme prevents binding of the substrate and vice versa.
Condensation Reaction - ANSWER-two molecules combine to form a larger molecule,
producing a small molecule such as H2O as a byproduct
Cytokinesis - ANSWER-Cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis and meiosis,
bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
DNA Helicase - ANSWER-used to separate strands of a DNA double helix or a self-
annealed RNA molecule using the energy from ATP hydrolysis
, DNA Ligase - ANSWER-specific type of enzyme, a ligase, that facilitates the joining of
DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond.
DNA Polymerase - ANSWER-enzymes that synthesize DNA molecules from
deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA.
DNA Replication Steps - ANSWER-1. Strand Separation 2. Base Pairing with template
3.Polymerization
E2F - ANSWER-A group of genes that codifies a family of transcription factors in higher
eukaryotes. 3 are activators and 6 are suppressors
Electron Transport Chain - ANSWER-series of compounds that transfer electrons from
electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron
transfer with the transfer of protons across a membrane.
Eukaryote - ANSWER-Organism whose cells contains a nucleus and other organelles
enclosed within the membrane.
Facilitated Diffusion: Channel Proteins - ANSWER-Each protein type has different
structure that allows specific type of ion in. Electrochemical gradients occur when ions
build up on one side of a plasma membrane. Ions diffuse through channels down their
electrochemical gradients
Facilitated Diffusion: Transporters - ANSWER-Change shape during the transport
process
Move only down a concentration gradient, reducing differences between solutions
Glucose is major energy source
Feedback Inhibition - ANSWER-an enzyme that catalyzes the production of a particular
substance in the cell is inhibited when that substance has accumulated to a certain
level, thereby balancing the amount provided with the amount needed.
G3P - ANSWER-is a chemical compound that occurs as an intermediate in several
central metabolic pathways of all organisms.
Gab Junctions - ANSWER-specialized intercellular connection between a multitude of
animal cell-types.
Hershey and Chase - ANSWER-Conducted experiments that helped to confirm that
DNA is genetic material
Hexokinase - ANSWER-enzyme that phosphorylates hexoses, forming hexose
phosphate
with Complete Solutions
Acetyl CoA - ANSWER-important molecule that participates in many biochemical
reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Active Transport: Pumps - ANSWER-Cells can transport molecules or ions
They move against an electrochemical gradient
They require energy in the form of ATP
Move against concentration gradient
Allosteric Regulation - ANSWER-regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector
molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site.
Alternative Splicing - ANSWER-regulated process during gene expression that results in
a single gene coding for multiple protein.
Anabolic - ANSWER-Chemical Reactions that synthesize molecules in metabolism.
Anaphase - ANSWER-Stage of mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move
away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle
Animal Cells - ANSWER-No cell wall: Round: Multiple small vacuoles: no chloroplasts.
Calvin's Cycle - ANSWER-Light- Independent reactions in photosynthesis that take
place in three key steps.
Carbohydrate Uses - ANSWER-Provide energy, store energy, build macromolecules,
and spare protein and fat for other uses.
Codon - ANSWER-The group of three bases
Specifies a particular amino acid
competitive inhibition - ANSWER-binding of the inhibitor to the active site on the
enzyme prevents binding of the substrate and vice versa.
Condensation Reaction - ANSWER-two molecules combine to form a larger molecule,
producing a small molecule such as H2O as a byproduct
Cytokinesis - ANSWER-Cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis and meiosis,
bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
DNA Helicase - ANSWER-used to separate strands of a DNA double helix or a self-
annealed RNA molecule using the energy from ATP hydrolysis
, DNA Ligase - ANSWER-specific type of enzyme, a ligase, that facilitates the joining of
DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond.
DNA Polymerase - ANSWER-enzymes that synthesize DNA molecules from
deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA.
DNA Replication Steps - ANSWER-1. Strand Separation 2. Base Pairing with template
3.Polymerization
E2F - ANSWER-A group of genes that codifies a family of transcription factors in higher
eukaryotes. 3 are activators and 6 are suppressors
Electron Transport Chain - ANSWER-series of compounds that transfer electrons from
electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron
transfer with the transfer of protons across a membrane.
Eukaryote - ANSWER-Organism whose cells contains a nucleus and other organelles
enclosed within the membrane.
Facilitated Diffusion: Channel Proteins - ANSWER-Each protein type has different
structure that allows specific type of ion in. Electrochemical gradients occur when ions
build up on one side of a plasma membrane. Ions diffuse through channels down their
electrochemical gradients
Facilitated Diffusion: Transporters - ANSWER-Change shape during the transport
process
Move only down a concentration gradient, reducing differences between solutions
Glucose is major energy source
Feedback Inhibition - ANSWER-an enzyme that catalyzes the production of a particular
substance in the cell is inhibited when that substance has accumulated to a certain
level, thereby balancing the amount provided with the amount needed.
G3P - ANSWER-is a chemical compound that occurs as an intermediate in several
central metabolic pathways of all organisms.
Gab Junctions - ANSWER-specialized intercellular connection between a multitude of
animal cell-types.
Hershey and Chase - ANSWER-Conducted experiments that helped to confirm that
DNA is genetic material
Hexokinase - ANSWER-enzyme that phosphorylates hexoses, forming hexose
phosphate
