Biology 1100 Final Exam Study Guide
with Complete Solutions
1rst Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER-Energy can't be created or destroyed. Only
change forms
2,d Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER-When it does change forms some is lost as
head: Entropy
4 Kingdoms of Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER-Plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Active Transport - ANSWER-Energy is required
Moves against the gradient
Aerobic Respiration - ANSWER-Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport
36 ATP
All Living Cells Have - ANSWER-1. Cell Membrane
2. Ribosomes
3. Cytoplasm
4. Genetic Material
Allele - ANSWER-Alternate versions of the same gene
Amino Acids - ANSWER-20 Total amino acids
Anaerobic Respiration - ANSWER-Glycolysis
Fermentation
2 ATP
Anaphase 1 - ANSWER-Spindle Fibers pull from each side
Homologous pairs are pulled apart
Still 6 replicated chromosomes
Artificial Sweeteners - ANSWER-No calories
Can't be utilized by the body
Benign - ANSWER-A tumor that contains cells that are not invasive and do not move in
the body
Carbohydrates - ANSWER-C,H, and O
1g carb= 4 calories
, Primary fuel for organisms
Cell Membrane Structure - ANSWER-Phospholipid Bilayer
Cell Membrane Structure - ANSWER-Phospholipids
-Basic Structure
Cholesterol
-Stabilization; fluidity
Proteins
-Many functions
Glycoproteins and glycolipids
-cell identification
Cell Theory - ANSWER-All living organisms are made up of one or
more cells
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Cellulose (AKA Fiber) - ANSWER-Made by plants
Animals ingest but not broken down
Characteristics of a Cancer cell - ANSWER-Lack of Contact Inhibition
Immortality
Reversion to immature form
Chlorophyll - ANSWER-Found in the Thylakoids
Job is to absorb solar energy
Cholesterol - ANSWER-Important component of most cell membranes
Excess can attach to blood vessel walls
Common triggers of Denaturation - ANSWER-Major Temperature Changes
pH changes
Chemicals
Salts
Covalent Bond - ANSWER-a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs
between atoms.
Denaturation - ANSWER-Changes Shape of a protein
Protein can no longer function properly
Disaccharides - ANSWER-Two Simple sugars bonded together
EX: Sucrose and Maltose and Lactose
DNA Polymerase - ANSWER-Unwinds DNA down the middle for replication
with Complete Solutions
1rst Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER-Energy can't be created or destroyed. Only
change forms
2,d Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER-When it does change forms some is lost as
head: Entropy
4 Kingdoms of Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER-Plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Active Transport - ANSWER-Energy is required
Moves against the gradient
Aerobic Respiration - ANSWER-Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport
36 ATP
All Living Cells Have - ANSWER-1. Cell Membrane
2. Ribosomes
3. Cytoplasm
4. Genetic Material
Allele - ANSWER-Alternate versions of the same gene
Amino Acids - ANSWER-20 Total amino acids
Anaerobic Respiration - ANSWER-Glycolysis
Fermentation
2 ATP
Anaphase 1 - ANSWER-Spindle Fibers pull from each side
Homologous pairs are pulled apart
Still 6 replicated chromosomes
Artificial Sweeteners - ANSWER-No calories
Can't be utilized by the body
Benign - ANSWER-A tumor that contains cells that are not invasive and do not move in
the body
Carbohydrates - ANSWER-C,H, and O
1g carb= 4 calories
, Primary fuel for organisms
Cell Membrane Structure - ANSWER-Phospholipid Bilayer
Cell Membrane Structure - ANSWER-Phospholipids
-Basic Structure
Cholesterol
-Stabilization; fluidity
Proteins
-Many functions
Glycoproteins and glycolipids
-cell identification
Cell Theory - ANSWER-All living organisms are made up of one or
more cells
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Cellulose (AKA Fiber) - ANSWER-Made by plants
Animals ingest but not broken down
Characteristics of a Cancer cell - ANSWER-Lack of Contact Inhibition
Immortality
Reversion to immature form
Chlorophyll - ANSWER-Found in the Thylakoids
Job is to absorb solar energy
Cholesterol - ANSWER-Important component of most cell membranes
Excess can attach to blood vessel walls
Common triggers of Denaturation - ANSWER-Major Temperature Changes
pH changes
Chemicals
Salts
Covalent Bond - ANSWER-a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs
between atoms.
Denaturation - ANSWER-Changes Shape of a protein
Protein can no longer function properly
Disaccharides - ANSWER-Two Simple sugars bonded together
EX: Sucrose and Maltose and Lactose
DNA Polymerase - ANSWER-Unwinds DNA down the middle for replication
