BKAT Study Set Questions & Answers
100% Correct
Normal blood gases; pH - ANSWER7.35-7.45
AnswerNormal blood gases: CO2 - ANSWER35-45
AnswerNormal blood gases: HcO3 - ANSWER22-26
AnswerNormal blood gases: PO2 - ANSWER80 or above
AnswerNormal vacuum pressures for suction? - ANSWER120-140 mmHg
AnswerWhat may a high pressure vent alarm indicate? - ANSWERPt is biting on the
tubing, excessive secretions in the tubing, kinked tubing
AnswerWhat may a low pressure vent alarm indicate? - ANSWERcuff leak or the tubing
is disconnected somewhere
AnswerHow do you verify positioning of an endotracheal tube? - ANSWER-auscultate
lung bases and apices for bilateral breath sounds
-observe chest for symmetric chest wall movement
-confirm with end tidal CO2 measure
GOLD STANDARD: chest x-ray
Answert/f: people with ET tubes should be suctioned routinely - ANSWERFALSE-- they
should be suctioned on an as needed basis
Answerwhat should ET tube cuff pressure be kept at? - ANSWER20-25 mmHg
AnswerWhat measures should nurses take to avoid ET tube problems? - ANSWER-
confirm that exit mark on ET tube remains constant when providing patient care,
repositioning, and transporting patient
-maintain proper cuff inflation (listen for an air leak-- if pt can talk, you must inflate more)
-continually monitor SpO2, RR, HR and rhythm, mental status, and ABGs
-pre-oxygenate before suctioning
AnswerWhat should be done if a patient is not tolerating ET tube suctioning? -
ANSWERSTOP and manually hyperventilate with 100% oxygen
AnswerMeasures to prevent aspiration? - ANSWER-avoid bolus tube feedings
-monitor tube feeding residuals
, -maintain HOB at LEAST 30 degrees or greater
-maintain proper ET tube cuff inflation
-perform frequent oral pharyngeal suctioning
-maintain an NG tube connected to low, intermittent suction if feeding tube is placed
below the pylorus
AnswerWhat is the recommended treatment for SIADH? (3) - ANSWER1. fluid
restriction
2. diuresis (Lasix)
3. administer sodium -- 3% saline (Frequent Na labs)
AnswerDo not increase Na more than ___ mEq/L in 24 hours period d/t risk for central
pontine myelinolysis - ANSWER10
Answerwhat is occurring in diabetes insipidus? - ANSWERnot enough production of
ADH!!!
AnswerWhat are s/sx of DI? - ANSWER-increased urine output (>250 cc/hr)
-increased thirst
-dehydration symptoms
-dilute urine (low specific gravity 1.001-1.005)
-decreased urine osmolality (<400 mOsm/kg H20)
-low urine Na
-concentrated blood (serum osmolality >295 mOsm/L)
-hypernatremia (>145)
AnswerTreatment for Diabetes Insipidus (DI)? - ANSWER1. replace volume (oral
fluids/IV fluids)
2. replace ADH by giving DDAVP or Vasopressin
Answerdrugs given for increased ICP? - ANSWER3%
mannitol
23%
Answerwhat are s/sx of DKA? - ANSWERpatient history
-polyuria
-polydipsia
-weight loss
-vomiting
-blurry vision
-weakness
-abdominal pain
Physical findings
-poor skin turgor
-kussmaul respirations
100% Correct
Normal blood gases; pH - ANSWER7.35-7.45
AnswerNormal blood gases: CO2 - ANSWER35-45
AnswerNormal blood gases: HcO3 - ANSWER22-26
AnswerNormal blood gases: PO2 - ANSWER80 or above
AnswerNormal vacuum pressures for suction? - ANSWER120-140 mmHg
AnswerWhat may a high pressure vent alarm indicate? - ANSWERPt is biting on the
tubing, excessive secretions in the tubing, kinked tubing
AnswerWhat may a low pressure vent alarm indicate? - ANSWERcuff leak or the tubing
is disconnected somewhere
AnswerHow do you verify positioning of an endotracheal tube? - ANSWER-auscultate
lung bases and apices for bilateral breath sounds
-observe chest for symmetric chest wall movement
-confirm with end tidal CO2 measure
GOLD STANDARD: chest x-ray
Answert/f: people with ET tubes should be suctioned routinely - ANSWERFALSE-- they
should be suctioned on an as needed basis
Answerwhat should ET tube cuff pressure be kept at? - ANSWER20-25 mmHg
AnswerWhat measures should nurses take to avoid ET tube problems? - ANSWER-
confirm that exit mark on ET tube remains constant when providing patient care,
repositioning, and transporting patient
-maintain proper cuff inflation (listen for an air leak-- if pt can talk, you must inflate more)
-continually monitor SpO2, RR, HR and rhythm, mental status, and ABGs
-pre-oxygenate before suctioning
AnswerWhat should be done if a patient is not tolerating ET tube suctioning? -
ANSWERSTOP and manually hyperventilate with 100% oxygen
AnswerMeasures to prevent aspiration? - ANSWER-avoid bolus tube feedings
-monitor tube feeding residuals
, -maintain HOB at LEAST 30 degrees or greater
-maintain proper ET tube cuff inflation
-perform frequent oral pharyngeal suctioning
-maintain an NG tube connected to low, intermittent suction if feeding tube is placed
below the pylorus
AnswerWhat is the recommended treatment for SIADH? (3) - ANSWER1. fluid
restriction
2. diuresis (Lasix)
3. administer sodium -- 3% saline (Frequent Na labs)
AnswerDo not increase Na more than ___ mEq/L in 24 hours period d/t risk for central
pontine myelinolysis - ANSWER10
Answerwhat is occurring in diabetes insipidus? - ANSWERnot enough production of
ADH!!!
AnswerWhat are s/sx of DI? - ANSWER-increased urine output (>250 cc/hr)
-increased thirst
-dehydration symptoms
-dilute urine (low specific gravity 1.001-1.005)
-decreased urine osmolality (<400 mOsm/kg H20)
-low urine Na
-concentrated blood (serum osmolality >295 mOsm/L)
-hypernatremia (>145)
AnswerTreatment for Diabetes Insipidus (DI)? - ANSWER1. replace volume (oral
fluids/IV fluids)
2. replace ADH by giving DDAVP or Vasopressin
Answerdrugs given for increased ICP? - ANSWER3%
mannitol
23%
Answerwhat are s/sx of DKA? - ANSWERpatient history
-polyuria
-polydipsia
-weight loss
-vomiting
-blurry vision
-weakness
-abdominal pain
Physical findings
-poor skin turgor
-kussmaul respirations
