,Chapter101:1Nursing1Today
Potter:1Fundamentals1of1Nursing,111th1Edition
MULTIPLE1CHOICE
1. Which1nurse1most1likely1kept1records1on1sanitation1techniques1and1the1effects1on1health?
a. Florence1Nightingale
b. Mary1Nutting
c. Clara1Barton
d. Lillian1Wald
ANS:1 A
Nightingale1was1the1first1practicing1nurse1epidemiologist.1Her1statistical1analyses1connected1p
oor1sanitation1with1cholera1and1dysentery.1Mary1Nutting,1Clara1Barton,1and1Lillian1Wald1cam
e1after1Nightingale,1each1contributing1to1the1nursing1profession1in1her1own1way.1Mary1Nutting
1was1instrumental1in1moving1nursing1education1into1universities.1Clara1Barton1founded1the1Am
erican1Red1Cross.1Lillian1Wald1helped1open1the1Henry1Street1Settlement.
DIF:Understand1(comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss1the1influence1of1social,1historical,1political,1and1economic1changes1on1nursing1practices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC:1 Health1Promotion1and1Maintenance
2. The1nurse1prescribes1strategies1and1alternatives1to1attain1expected1outcome.1Which1standard1of1
nursing1practice1is1the1nurse1following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS:1 C
In1planning,1the1registered1nurse1develops1a1plan1that1prescribes1strategies1and1alternatives1to1a
ttain1expected1outcomes.1During1assessment,1the1registered1nurse1collects1comprehensive1data
1pertinent1to1the1patient’s1health1and/or1the1situation.1In1diagnosis,1the1registered1nurse1analyze
s1the1assessment1data1to1determine1the1diagnoses1or1issues.1During1implementation,1the1register
ed1nurse1implements1(carries1out)1the1identified1plan.
DIF:Understand1(comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss1the1development1of1professional1nursing1roles.
TOP:1 Planning1
MSC:1 Management1of1Care
3. An1experienced1medical-
surgical1nurse1chooses1to1work1in1obstetrics.1Which1level1of1proficiency1is1the1nurse1
upon1initial1transition1to1the1obstetrical1floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced1beginner
ANS:1 A
, A1beginning1nursing1student1or1any1nurse1entering1a1situation1in1which1there1is1no1previous1le
vel1of1experience1(e.g.,1an1experienced1operating1room1nurse1chooses1to1now1practice1in1hom
e1health)1is1an1example1of1a1novice1nurse.1A1proficient1nurse1perceives1a1patient’s1clinical1situ
ation1as1a1whole,1is1able1to1assess1an1entire1situation,1and1can1readily1transfer1knowledge1gain
ed1from1multiple1previous1experiences1to1a1situation.1A1competent1nurse1understands1the1orga
nization1and1specific1care1required1by1the1type1of1patients1(e.g.,1surgical,1oncology,1or1orthope
dic1patients).1This1nurse1is1a1competent1practitioner1who1is1able1to1anticipate1nursing1care1and
1establish1long-
range1goals.1A1nurse1who1has1had1some1level1of1experience1with1the1situation1is1an1advanced1
beginner.1This1experience1may1only1be1observational1in1nature,1but1the1nurse1is1able1to1identif
y1meaningful1aspects1or1principles1of1nursing1care.
DIF:Apply1(application)
OBJ:Discuss1the1development1of1professional1nursing1roles.
TOP:1 Evaluation1
MSC:1 Management1of1Care
4. A1nurse1assesses1a1patient’s1fluid1status1and1decides1that1the1patient1needs1to1drink1more1fluids.1
The1nurse1then1encourages1the1patient1to1drink1more1fluids.1Which1concept1is1the1nurse1demon
strating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS:1 B
Autonomy1is1an1essential1element1of1professional1nursing1that1involves1the1initiation1of1indep
endent1nursing1interventions1without1medical1orders.1To1obtain1licensure1in1the1United1States,
1the1RN1candidate1must1pass1the1NCLEX-RN.1Beyond1the1NCLEX-
RN,1the1nurse1may1choose1to1work1toward1certification1in1a1specific1area1of1nursing1practic
e.1Accountability1means1that1you1are1responsible,1professionally1and1legally,1for1the1type1and1
quality1of1nursing1care1provided.
DIF:Apply1(application)
OBJ:Discuss1the1roles1and1career1opportunities1for1nurses.
TOP:1 Implementation1
MSC:1 Management1of1Care
5. A1nurse1prepares1the1budget1and1policies1for1an1intensive1care1unit.1Which1role1is1the1nurse1
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS:1 B
, A1manager1coordinates1the1activities1of1members1of1the1nursing1staff1in1delivering1nursing1car
e1and1has1personnel,1policy,1and1budgetary1responsibility1for1a1specific1nursing1unit1or1facility.
1As1an1educator,1 you1explain1concepts1and1facts1about1health,1describe1the1reason1for1routine1c
are1activities,1demonstrate1procedures1such1as1self-
care1activities,1reinforce1learning1or1patient1behavior,1and1evaluate1the1patient’s1progress1in1le
arning.1As1a1patient1advocate,1you1protect1your1patient’s1human1and1legal1rights1and1provide1as
sistance1in1asserting1these1rights1if1the1need1arises.1As1a1caregiver,1you1help1patients1maintain1a
nd1regain1health,1manage1disease1and1symptoms,1and1attain1a1maximal1level1function1and1inde
pendence1through1the1healing1process.
DIF:Apply1(application)
OBJ:Discuss1the1roles1and1career1opportunities1for1nurses.
TOP:1 Implementation1
MSC:1 Management1of1Care
6. The1nurse1has1been1working1in1the1clinical1setting1for1several1years1as1an1advanced1practice1
nurse.1However,1the1nurse1has1a1strong1desire1to1pursue1research1and1theory1development.1To1
fulfill1this1desire,1which1program1should1the1nurse1attend?
a. Doctor1of1Nursing1Science1degree1(DNSc)
b. Doctor1of1Philosophy1degree1(PhD)
c. Doctor1of1Nursing1Practice1degree1(DNP)
d. Doctor1in1the1Science1of1Nursing1degree1(DSN)
ANS:1 B
Some1doctoral1programs1prepare1nurses1for1more1rigorous1research1and1theory1development1a
nd1award1the1research-
oriented1Doctor1of1Philosophy1(PhD)1in1nursing.1Professional1doctoral1programs1in1nursing1(D
SN1or1DNSc)1prepare1graduates1to1apply1research1findings1to1clinical1nursing.1The1DNP1is1a1p
ractice1doctorate1that1prepares1advanced1practice1nurses1such1as1nurse1practitioners.
DIF:Understand1(comprehension)
OBJ:Compare1and1contrast1the1educational1programs1available1for1professional1registered1nurse1(RN
)1education. TOP:1 Teaching/Learning MSC:1 Management1of1Care
7. A1nurse1attends1a1workshop1on1current1nursing1issues1provided1by1the1American1Nurses1
Association.1Which1type1of1education1did1the1nurse1receive?
a. Graduate1education
b. Inservice1education
c. Continuing1education
d. Registered1nurse1education
ANS:1 C
Continuing1education1involves1formal,1organized1educational1programs1offered1by1universitie
s,1hospitals,1state1nurses1associations,1professional1nursing1organizations,1and1educational1and1
health1care1institutions.1After1obtaining1a1baccalaureate1degree1in1nursing,1you1can1pursue1grad
uate1education1leading1to1a1master’s1or1doctoral1degree1in1any1number1of1graduate1fields,1inclu
ding1nursing.1Inservice1education1programs1are1instruction1or1training1provided1by1a1health1car
e1facility1or1institution.1Registered1nurse1education1is1the1education1preparation1for1an1individu
al1intending1to1be1an1RN.
DIF:Apply1(application)
OBJ:Compare1and1contrast1the1educational1programs1available1for1professional1registered1nurse1(RN)
Potter:1Fundamentals1of1Nursing,111th1Edition
MULTIPLE1CHOICE
1. Which1nurse1most1likely1kept1records1on1sanitation1techniques1and1the1effects1on1health?
a. Florence1Nightingale
b. Mary1Nutting
c. Clara1Barton
d. Lillian1Wald
ANS:1 A
Nightingale1was1the1first1practicing1nurse1epidemiologist.1Her1statistical1analyses1connected1p
oor1sanitation1with1cholera1and1dysentery.1Mary1Nutting,1Clara1Barton,1and1Lillian1Wald1cam
e1after1Nightingale,1each1contributing1to1the1nursing1profession1in1her1own1way.1Mary1Nutting
1was1instrumental1in1moving1nursing1education1into1universities.1Clara1Barton1founded1the1Am
erican1Red1Cross.1Lillian1Wald1helped1open1the1Henry1Street1Settlement.
DIF:Understand1(comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss1the1influence1of1social,1historical,1political,1and1economic1changes1on1nursing1practices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC:1 Health1Promotion1and1Maintenance
2. The1nurse1prescribes1strategies1and1alternatives1to1attain1expected1outcome.1Which1standard1of1
nursing1practice1is1the1nurse1following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS:1 C
In1planning,1the1registered1nurse1develops1a1plan1that1prescribes1strategies1and1alternatives1to1a
ttain1expected1outcomes.1During1assessment,1the1registered1nurse1collects1comprehensive1data
1pertinent1to1the1patient’s1health1and/or1the1situation.1In1diagnosis,1the1registered1nurse1analyze
s1the1assessment1data1to1determine1the1diagnoses1or1issues.1During1implementation,1the1register
ed1nurse1implements1(carries1out)1the1identified1plan.
DIF:Understand1(comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss1the1development1of1professional1nursing1roles.
TOP:1 Planning1
MSC:1 Management1of1Care
3. An1experienced1medical-
surgical1nurse1chooses1to1work1in1obstetrics.1Which1level1of1proficiency1is1the1nurse1
upon1initial1transition1to1the1obstetrical1floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced1beginner
ANS:1 A
, A1beginning1nursing1student1or1any1nurse1entering1a1situation1in1which1there1is1no1previous1le
vel1of1experience1(e.g.,1an1experienced1operating1room1nurse1chooses1to1now1practice1in1hom
e1health)1is1an1example1of1a1novice1nurse.1A1proficient1nurse1perceives1a1patient’s1clinical1situ
ation1as1a1whole,1is1able1to1assess1an1entire1situation,1and1can1readily1transfer1knowledge1gain
ed1from1multiple1previous1experiences1to1a1situation.1A1competent1nurse1understands1the1orga
nization1and1specific1care1required1by1the1type1of1patients1(e.g.,1surgical,1oncology,1or1orthope
dic1patients).1This1nurse1is1a1competent1practitioner1who1is1able1to1anticipate1nursing1care1and
1establish1long-
range1goals.1A1nurse1who1has1had1some1level1of1experience1with1the1situation1is1an1advanced1
beginner.1This1experience1may1only1be1observational1in1nature,1but1the1nurse1is1able1to1identif
y1meaningful1aspects1or1principles1of1nursing1care.
DIF:Apply1(application)
OBJ:Discuss1the1development1of1professional1nursing1roles.
TOP:1 Evaluation1
MSC:1 Management1of1Care
4. A1nurse1assesses1a1patient’s1fluid1status1and1decides1that1the1patient1needs1to1drink1more1fluids.1
The1nurse1then1encourages1the1patient1to1drink1more1fluids.1Which1concept1is1the1nurse1demon
strating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS:1 B
Autonomy1is1an1essential1element1of1professional1nursing1that1involves1the1initiation1of1indep
endent1nursing1interventions1without1medical1orders.1To1obtain1licensure1in1the1United1States,
1the1RN1candidate1must1pass1the1NCLEX-RN.1Beyond1the1NCLEX-
RN,1the1nurse1may1choose1to1work1toward1certification1in1a1specific1area1of1nursing1practic
e.1Accountability1means1that1you1are1responsible,1professionally1and1legally,1for1the1type1and1
quality1of1nursing1care1provided.
DIF:Apply1(application)
OBJ:Discuss1the1roles1and1career1opportunities1for1nurses.
TOP:1 Implementation1
MSC:1 Management1of1Care
5. A1nurse1prepares1the1budget1and1policies1for1an1intensive1care1unit.1Which1role1is1the1nurse1
implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS:1 B
, A1manager1coordinates1the1activities1of1members1of1the1nursing1staff1in1delivering1nursing1car
e1and1has1personnel,1policy,1and1budgetary1responsibility1for1a1specific1nursing1unit1or1facility.
1As1an1educator,1 you1explain1concepts1and1facts1about1health,1describe1the1reason1for1routine1c
are1activities,1demonstrate1procedures1such1as1self-
care1activities,1reinforce1learning1or1patient1behavior,1and1evaluate1the1patient’s1progress1in1le
arning.1As1a1patient1advocate,1you1protect1your1patient’s1human1and1legal1rights1and1provide1as
sistance1in1asserting1these1rights1if1the1need1arises.1As1a1caregiver,1you1help1patients1maintain1a
nd1regain1health,1manage1disease1and1symptoms,1and1attain1a1maximal1level1function1and1inde
pendence1through1the1healing1process.
DIF:Apply1(application)
OBJ:Discuss1the1roles1and1career1opportunities1for1nurses.
TOP:1 Implementation1
MSC:1 Management1of1Care
6. The1nurse1has1been1working1in1the1clinical1setting1for1several1years1as1an1advanced1practice1
nurse.1However,1the1nurse1has1a1strong1desire1to1pursue1research1and1theory1development.1To1
fulfill1this1desire,1which1program1should1the1nurse1attend?
a. Doctor1of1Nursing1Science1degree1(DNSc)
b. Doctor1of1Philosophy1degree1(PhD)
c. Doctor1of1Nursing1Practice1degree1(DNP)
d. Doctor1in1the1Science1of1Nursing1degree1(DSN)
ANS:1 B
Some1doctoral1programs1prepare1nurses1for1more1rigorous1research1and1theory1development1a
nd1award1the1research-
oriented1Doctor1of1Philosophy1(PhD)1in1nursing.1Professional1doctoral1programs1in1nursing1(D
SN1or1DNSc)1prepare1graduates1to1apply1research1findings1to1clinical1nursing.1The1DNP1is1a1p
ractice1doctorate1that1prepares1advanced1practice1nurses1such1as1nurse1practitioners.
DIF:Understand1(comprehension)
OBJ:Compare1and1contrast1the1educational1programs1available1for1professional1registered1nurse1(RN
)1education. TOP:1 Teaching/Learning MSC:1 Management1of1Care
7. A1nurse1attends1a1workshop1on1current1nursing1issues1provided1by1the1American1Nurses1
Association.1Which1type1of1education1did1the1nurse1receive?
a. Graduate1education
b. Inservice1education
c. Continuing1education
d. Registered1nurse1education
ANS:1 C
Continuing1education1involves1formal,1organized1educational1programs1offered1by1universitie
s,1hospitals,1state1nurses1associations,1professional1nursing1organizations,1and1educational1and1
health1care1institutions.1After1obtaining1a1baccalaureate1degree1in1nursing,1you1can1pursue1grad
uate1education1leading1to1a1master’s1or1doctoral1degree1in1any1number1of1graduate1fields,1inclu
ding1nursing.1Inservice1education1programs1are1instruction1or1training1provided1by1a1health1car
e1facility1or1institution.1Registered1nurse1education1is1the1education1preparation1for1an1individu
al1intending1to1be1an1RN.
DIF:Apply1(application)
OBJ:Compare1and1contrast1the1educational1programs1available1for1professional1registered1nurse1(RN)
