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lOMoAR cPSD| 12
2634
23
Test bank-Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care
6th Edition Dains-100% Top scores-2024-2025
, ` `
lOMoAR cPSD| 12
2634
23
A. Clinical practice guideline
` `
B. Clinical decision rule
` `
C. Clinical algorithm
`
, ` `
lOMoAR cPSD| 12
2634
23
Answer Section MULTIPLE C HOICE
` `` `
1. ANS: B
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
making(similar to Augenblink decision-
` ` ` ` `
making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable andp aired with fairly common errors. In contrast, a
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
nalytical decision-makingis based on careful consideration and has greater reliability with rare errors.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient‘s verbal and nonverbal language, and ablet o acc
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
urately interpret the patient‘s responses to questions. Rather than readinginto the patient‘s statements, they clarify any areas of uncert
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
ainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vitalsigns arep art of thep hysical examination portion ofp atient assessment, not part oft he health history.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performingthe physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal and abnormal findings, recall kn
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
owledge of a range of conditions, includingtheir associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect t he response to
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
analyses. Another source of statistics,t he one that has been most widely used and available forapplication tot he reasoningp rocess, is the
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
estimation based ona provider‘s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on wh
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
ich to base clinical reasoningis improving, and there is an increasingexpectation that clinical reasoningbe based on scientific evidence.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly beingused to develop resources t o facilitate clinical decision-making.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
based resources have been developed to assist the clinician.R esources, such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelines, ass
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
ist in clinical reasoningwhen properly applied.
` ` ` ` ` `
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition who show an abnormal, or positive,result.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
Ahigh sensitivity indicates that a greater percentage of persons with thegiven condition will have an abnormal result.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a normal result. The greater thespecifi
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
city, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have negative, or normal, results if they do not have the target condition.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The likelihood ratio is the probability that a positive test result will be associated with a person who has the target condition and anegativ
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
e result will be associated with a healthy person. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a positive result is associated with thedisease; a
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
likelihood ratio less than 1 indicates that a negative result is associated with an absence of t he disease.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
, ` `
lOMoAR cPSD| 12
2634
23
PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinical decision (or prediction) rules provide another support for clinical reasoning. Clinical decision rules are evidence-
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
basedresources that provide probabilistic statements regardingthe likelihood that a condition exists if certain variables are met with r
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
egard to the prognosis of patients with specific findings. Decision rules use mathematical models and are specific to certain situations
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
, settings, and/or patient characteristics.
` ` ` `
PTS: 1
lOMoAR cPSD| 12
2634
23
Test bank-Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care
6th Edition Dains-100% Top scores-2024-2025
, ` `
lOMoAR cPSD| 12
2634
23
A. Clinical practice guideline
` `
B. Clinical decision rule
` `
C. Clinical algorithm
`
, ` `
lOMoAR cPSD| 12
2634
23
Answer Section MULTIPLE C HOICE
` `` `
1. ANS: B
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
making(similar to Augenblink decision-
` ` ` ` `
making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable andp aired with fairly common errors. In contrast, a
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
nalytical decision-makingis based on careful consideration and has greater reliability with rare errors.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient‘s verbal and nonverbal language, and ablet o acc
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
urately interpret the patient‘s responses to questions. Rather than readinginto the patient‘s statements, they clarify any areas of uncert
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
ainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vitalsigns arep art of thep hysical examination portion ofp atient assessment, not part oft he health history.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performingthe physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal and abnormal findings, recall kn
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
owledge of a range of conditions, includingtheir associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect t he response to
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
analyses. Another source of statistics,t he one that has been most widely used and available forapplication tot he reasoningp rocess, is the
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
estimation based ona provider‘s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on wh
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
ich to base clinical reasoningis improving, and there is an increasingexpectation that clinical reasoningbe based on scientific evidence.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly beingused to develop resources t o facilitate clinical decision-making.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
based resources have been developed to assist the clinician.R esources, such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelines, ass
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
ist in clinical reasoningwhen properly applied.
` ` ` ` ` `
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition who show an abnormal, or positive,result.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
Ahigh sensitivity indicates that a greater percentage of persons with thegiven condition will have an abnormal result.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a normal result. The greater thespecifi
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
city, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have negative, or normal, results if they do not have the target condition.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The likelihood ratio is the probability that a positive test result will be associated with a person who has the target condition and anegativ
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
e result will be associated with a healthy person. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a positive result is associated with thedisease; a
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
likelihood ratio less than 1 indicates that a negative result is associated with an absence of t he disease.
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
, ` `
lOMoAR cPSD| 12
2634
23
PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinical decision (or prediction) rules provide another support for clinical reasoning. Clinical decision rules are evidence-
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
basedresources that provide probabilistic statements regardingthe likelihood that a condition exists if certain variables are met with r
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
egard to the prognosis of patients with specific findings. Decision rules use mathematical models and are specific to certain situations
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
, settings, and/or patient characteristics.
` ` ` `
PTS: 1
