NESA Testing Study Guide 2024 With
Complete Solutions
How are Blood borne pathogens spread? CORRECT ANSWERS The pathogen is
present, in a quantity, large enough to cause disease
the pathogen must enter through the appropriate entry site
the person is susceptible to the pathogen
What to do it you are exposed? CORRECT ANSWERS wash area with soap and water
with a mucous membrane, flush with water
if in the eyes, flush with water
contact exposure department for the next steps
Types of post-exposure treatment CORRECT ANSWERS anti-retroviral drugs
starting treatment within 24 hours if possible
follow-up care
Standard precautions CORRECT ANSWERS the best way to prevent the spread of
blood-borne pathogens
OSHA helps with... CORRECT ANSWERS providing standards to facilities to help
protect workers from a significant health risk associated with exposure to blood
Hep A CORRECT ANSWERS Highly contagious
IS a vaccine
fecal-oral route
Hep B CORRECT ANSWERS transmitted by infected blood or bodily secretions
(diagnosed through blood test)
IS a vaccine
most adults recover from the disease
90% of babies and 10% of adults are chronically infected
Hep C CORRECT ANSWERS transmitted by blood to blood contact
NO vaccine
diagnosis by blood testing
Acute Hep C CORRECT ANSWERS first 6 months after exposure; 15-25% of people
clear the infection from this phase
Chronic Hep C CORRECT ANSWERS life long infection leading to serious liver disease
HIV CORRECT ANSWERS HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus
transmitted by infected blood or bodily secretions
, no vaccine
attacks and destroyed CD4 cells
eventually leads to AIDS
AIDS CORRECT ANSWERS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
immune system badly damaged
vulnerable to opportunistic infections
life expectancy without treatment about 3 years
Drug resistance CORRECT ANSWERS happens when available antibiotics are not
effective against the microorganism
Common Drug resistant organisms CORRECT ANSWERS Methicillin-resistant
staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE)
Major cause of drug resistant bacteria CORRECT ANSWERS improper use of
antibiotics
Preventing multidrug resistance CORRECT ANSWERS clinical practices should
incorporate reporting all contamination errors, optimum management of all catheters,
prevention of respiratory infections in intubated patients, and accurate diagnosis of
infection disease
Unanticipated physiologic falls CORRECT ANSWERS occur when the physical cause of
the falls is not reflected in the patient's risk factor for falls
anticipated physiological falls CORRECT ANSWERS occur in patients whose score on
risk assessment scales
anticipated physiological fall CORRECT ANSWERS if a person is assessed for a high
fall risk and falls while in facility care the incident
intrinsic factors CORRECT ANSWERS nurses should look for when assessing falls
-previous falls, unsteady gait, reduced vision, musculoskeletal diseases, mental status,
and acute or chronic illnesses
extrinsic factors CORRECT ANSWERS Medications, bathtubs/toilets without grab bars,
chair/bed height, condition of ground surfaces, lighting, and inadequate assistive
devices among others
best fall prevention program CORRECT ANSWERS incorporates many different
interventions and targets multiple risk factors individualized to each patient
Example of different interventions for fall prevention CORRECT ANSWERS
encouragement of patient to ask assistance
using non-skid foot wear
Complete Solutions
How are Blood borne pathogens spread? CORRECT ANSWERS The pathogen is
present, in a quantity, large enough to cause disease
the pathogen must enter through the appropriate entry site
the person is susceptible to the pathogen
What to do it you are exposed? CORRECT ANSWERS wash area with soap and water
with a mucous membrane, flush with water
if in the eyes, flush with water
contact exposure department for the next steps
Types of post-exposure treatment CORRECT ANSWERS anti-retroviral drugs
starting treatment within 24 hours if possible
follow-up care
Standard precautions CORRECT ANSWERS the best way to prevent the spread of
blood-borne pathogens
OSHA helps with... CORRECT ANSWERS providing standards to facilities to help
protect workers from a significant health risk associated with exposure to blood
Hep A CORRECT ANSWERS Highly contagious
IS a vaccine
fecal-oral route
Hep B CORRECT ANSWERS transmitted by infected blood or bodily secretions
(diagnosed through blood test)
IS a vaccine
most adults recover from the disease
90% of babies and 10% of adults are chronically infected
Hep C CORRECT ANSWERS transmitted by blood to blood contact
NO vaccine
diagnosis by blood testing
Acute Hep C CORRECT ANSWERS first 6 months after exposure; 15-25% of people
clear the infection from this phase
Chronic Hep C CORRECT ANSWERS life long infection leading to serious liver disease
HIV CORRECT ANSWERS HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus
transmitted by infected blood or bodily secretions
, no vaccine
attacks and destroyed CD4 cells
eventually leads to AIDS
AIDS CORRECT ANSWERS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
immune system badly damaged
vulnerable to opportunistic infections
life expectancy without treatment about 3 years
Drug resistance CORRECT ANSWERS happens when available antibiotics are not
effective against the microorganism
Common Drug resistant organisms CORRECT ANSWERS Methicillin-resistant
staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE)
Major cause of drug resistant bacteria CORRECT ANSWERS improper use of
antibiotics
Preventing multidrug resistance CORRECT ANSWERS clinical practices should
incorporate reporting all contamination errors, optimum management of all catheters,
prevention of respiratory infections in intubated patients, and accurate diagnosis of
infection disease
Unanticipated physiologic falls CORRECT ANSWERS occur when the physical cause of
the falls is not reflected in the patient's risk factor for falls
anticipated physiological falls CORRECT ANSWERS occur in patients whose score on
risk assessment scales
anticipated physiological fall CORRECT ANSWERS if a person is assessed for a high
fall risk and falls while in facility care the incident
intrinsic factors CORRECT ANSWERS nurses should look for when assessing falls
-previous falls, unsteady gait, reduced vision, musculoskeletal diseases, mental status,
and acute or chronic illnesses
extrinsic factors CORRECT ANSWERS Medications, bathtubs/toilets without grab bars,
chair/bed height, condition of ground surfaces, lighting, and inadequate assistive
devices among others
best fall prevention program CORRECT ANSWERS incorporates many different
interventions and targets multiple risk factors individualized to each patient
Example of different interventions for fall prevention CORRECT ANSWERS
encouragement of patient to ask assistance
using non-skid foot wear
