GMS 6530 Cardiac Exam With Actual Questions And Verified Detailed Answers
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Sympathetic innnervation - Answer - NE binds beta-1 receptors
- activates cAMP second-messenger system
- opens Ca2+ channels in sarcolemma
Parasympathetic innervation - Answer - ACh binds muscarinic receptors
- opens K+ channels in nodal cells allowing outflow
- hyperpolarizes them slowing HR down
K+ - Answer - electrolyte with greatest chronotropic effect
- hyper - excess diffuses into myocytes, slowing HR & causing irregularity
- hypo - hyperpolarizes cells, causing need for incaresed stimulation
Ca2+ - Answer - hyper - increases HR & contractility
Na+ - Answer - hyper - increases HR
% of capillaries shut down at any given time - Answer - 75%
Arteriosclerosis - Answer - harding of arteries with age
- decrease in elastic tissue
Atherosclerosis - Answer - build up of lipids that form plaque
, Vasomotor center of medulla - Answer - stimulates most BV to contract with the
exception of the vessels in heart
Physiologic hypertrophy - Answer - exercise, pregnancy
- cardiomyocytes increase in length and width
- balanced enlargment of chambers
Pathologic hypertrophy - Answer - concentric hypertrophy
- cardiomyocytes increase in width
- wall and septal thickening
- loss of chamber area
beta agaonists - Answer - epi, isoproterenol
- dopamine
- dobutamine
dopamine - Answer - shock
- beta 1 agonst
-increase contractility
- increase HR
- increase renal flow
- IV only, short 1/2 life, tachycardia, tolerance, increased mortality
dobutamine - Answer - end-stage shock
- beta 1 agonist at low dose
- alpha 1 agonist at high dose
- increase contractility
- modest decrease in afterload
Latest Update 100% Pass Guaranteed
Sympathetic innnervation - Answer - NE binds beta-1 receptors
- activates cAMP second-messenger system
- opens Ca2+ channels in sarcolemma
Parasympathetic innervation - Answer - ACh binds muscarinic receptors
- opens K+ channels in nodal cells allowing outflow
- hyperpolarizes them slowing HR down
K+ - Answer - electrolyte with greatest chronotropic effect
- hyper - excess diffuses into myocytes, slowing HR & causing irregularity
- hypo - hyperpolarizes cells, causing need for incaresed stimulation
Ca2+ - Answer - hyper - increases HR & contractility
Na+ - Answer - hyper - increases HR
% of capillaries shut down at any given time - Answer - 75%
Arteriosclerosis - Answer - harding of arteries with age
- decrease in elastic tissue
Atherosclerosis - Answer - build up of lipids that form plaque
, Vasomotor center of medulla - Answer - stimulates most BV to contract with the
exception of the vessels in heart
Physiologic hypertrophy - Answer - exercise, pregnancy
- cardiomyocytes increase in length and width
- balanced enlargment of chambers
Pathologic hypertrophy - Answer - concentric hypertrophy
- cardiomyocytes increase in width
- wall and septal thickening
- loss of chamber area
beta agaonists - Answer - epi, isoproterenol
- dopamine
- dobutamine
dopamine - Answer - shock
- beta 1 agonst
-increase contractility
- increase HR
- increase renal flow
- IV only, short 1/2 life, tachycardia, tolerance, increased mortality
dobutamine - Answer - end-stage shock
- beta 1 agonist at low dose
- alpha 1 agonist at high dose
- increase contractility
- modest decrease in afterload
