GMS6530 Final Exam Questions And
Accurate Solutions
what are the three layers of the heart?
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
what is the name of two upper chambers of the heart?
atria
What is the name of partition between right and left atrium?
interatrial septum IAS
What is the name of the partition between right and left ventricle?
interventricular septum IVS
What kind of tissue the heart valves are made of? What is that for?
the heart valves are made up of thick connective tissue Iied in epithelium; this prevents
blood backflow
Identify the two types of valves.
atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves
Which is the primary role of the semilunar valves?
to prevent blood in the arteries from returning to the heart
Name the four valves of the heart.
aortic semilunar, pulmonary semilunar, tricuspid, bicuspid (mitral)
T/F: Blood flows through the heart from areas of higher pressure to lower pressure
true
What is responsible for forcing the blood to flow through the heart?
valves opening/closing; myocardium relaxing/contracting
T/F: The blood loses CO2 and picks up O2 in the pulmonary capillaries
true
,What is the 10 step pathway of blood flow through the heart?
1. right atrium
2. right ventricle
3. pulmonary trunk/arteries
4. pulmonary capillaries
5. pulmonary veins
6. left atrium
7. left ventricle
8. aorta and systemic capillaries
9. systemic capillaries
10. superior vena cava/inferior vena cava/coronary sinus
T/F: In systemic capillaries, blood loses O2 and gains CO2
true
Which side of the heart is oxygenated? Deoxygenated?
right = deoxygenated; left = oxygenated
How does blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
via tricuspid valve
How does blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk?
pulmonary valve
How does blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle>
bicuspid valve
how does blood go from left ventricle to aorta?
aortic valve
What starts cardiac excitation?
SA node
What structure is the sinoatrial node found?
in right atrial wall
, What structure is the atrioventricular node found?
interatrial septum
What happens to action potentials at the AV node? Why?
at the AV node action potentials slow down considerably providing time for the atria to
empty blood into the ventricles
How does and EKG work?
the conduction of action potentials create electrical currents in the heart that are
picked up and recorded through electrodes
What are the 3 waves that accompany each heartbeat?
P wave; QRS wave; T wave
What does the P wave represent?
atrial depolarization
T/F: Depolarization causes contraction
true
How does the P wave show up on an EKG?
as a small upward deflection
How does the QRS complex show up on an EKG?
1. Q wave is a downward deflection
2. R is an upright triangular wave
3. S is a downward wave
What does the QRS complex represent?
the onset of ventricular depolarization when the ventricles start to contract
What does the T wave represent?
ventricular repolarization
How does the T wave show up on an EKG?
a dome-shaped upward deflection
What is cardiac output?
the amount ejected by each ventricle in 1 minute
Accurate Solutions
what are the three layers of the heart?
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
what is the name of two upper chambers of the heart?
atria
What is the name of partition between right and left atrium?
interatrial septum IAS
What is the name of the partition between right and left ventricle?
interventricular septum IVS
What kind of tissue the heart valves are made of? What is that for?
the heart valves are made up of thick connective tissue Iied in epithelium; this prevents
blood backflow
Identify the two types of valves.
atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves
Which is the primary role of the semilunar valves?
to prevent blood in the arteries from returning to the heart
Name the four valves of the heart.
aortic semilunar, pulmonary semilunar, tricuspid, bicuspid (mitral)
T/F: Blood flows through the heart from areas of higher pressure to lower pressure
true
What is responsible for forcing the blood to flow through the heart?
valves opening/closing; myocardium relaxing/contracting
T/F: The blood loses CO2 and picks up O2 in the pulmonary capillaries
true
,What is the 10 step pathway of blood flow through the heart?
1. right atrium
2. right ventricle
3. pulmonary trunk/arteries
4. pulmonary capillaries
5. pulmonary veins
6. left atrium
7. left ventricle
8. aorta and systemic capillaries
9. systemic capillaries
10. superior vena cava/inferior vena cava/coronary sinus
T/F: In systemic capillaries, blood loses O2 and gains CO2
true
Which side of the heart is oxygenated? Deoxygenated?
right = deoxygenated; left = oxygenated
How does blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
via tricuspid valve
How does blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk?
pulmonary valve
How does blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle>
bicuspid valve
how does blood go from left ventricle to aorta?
aortic valve
What starts cardiac excitation?
SA node
What structure is the sinoatrial node found?
in right atrial wall
, What structure is the atrioventricular node found?
interatrial septum
What happens to action potentials at the AV node? Why?
at the AV node action potentials slow down considerably providing time for the atria to
empty blood into the ventricles
How does and EKG work?
the conduction of action potentials create electrical currents in the heart that are
picked up and recorded through electrodes
What are the 3 waves that accompany each heartbeat?
P wave; QRS wave; T wave
What does the P wave represent?
atrial depolarization
T/F: Depolarization causes contraction
true
How does the P wave show up on an EKG?
as a small upward deflection
How does the QRS complex show up on an EKG?
1. Q wave is a downward deflection
2. R is an upright triangular wave
3. S is a downward wave
What does the QRS complex represent?
the onset of ventricular depolarization when the ventricles start to contract
What does the T wave represent?
ventricular repolarization
How does the T wave show up on an EKG?
a dome-shaped upward deflection
What is cardiac output?
the amount ejected by each ventricle in 1 minute
