What is the definition of intellectual disability?
Deficits in cognitive and behavioural functioning referred to as mental
retardation in the past
What does an intellectual disability affect?
- Conceptual skills (language and literacy, money, time and number
concepts, self-direction)
- Social skills (Interpersonal skills, social responsibility, self-esteem, etc)
- Practical skills (ADLs, occupational skills, etc)
Prenatal causes of intellectual disability
- Chromosomal disorder
- Inborn errors of metabolism
- Developmental disorders of brain formation
- Environmental influences
Perinatal causes of intellectual disability
- Anoxia
- Low birth weight
- Syphilis and herpes
Postnatal causes of intellectual disability
- Biological
- Psychosocial
- Child abuse and neglect
What is Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)?
Abnormal cell devision results in an extra chromosome 21 in each cell
physical features of down syndrome
eyes with an upward slant, low muscle tone, small stature and short
neck, flat nasal beige, single, deep creases across the centre of the
palm, protruding tongue
Common health defect in Down syndrome
Heart defects (40%)
Disorders related to inborn errors of metabolism
- Galactosemia
- Hunter syndrome
Deficits in cognitive and behavioural functioning referred to as mental
retardation in the past
What does an intellectual disability affect?
- Conceptual skills (language and literacy, money, time and number
concepts, self-direction)
- Social skills (Interpersonal skills, social responsibility, self-esteem, etc)
- Practical skills (ADLs, occupational skills, etc)
Prenatal causes of intellectual disability
- Chromosomal disorder
- Inborn errors of metabolism
- Developmental disorders of brain formation
- Environmental influences
Perinatal causes of intellectual disability
- Anoxia
- Low birth weight
- Syphilis and herpes
Postnatal causes of intellectual disability
- Biological
- Psychosocial
- Child abuse and neglect
What is Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)?
Abnormal cell devision results in an extra chromosome 21 in each cell
physical features of down syndrome
eyes with an upward slant, low muscle tone, small stature and short
neck, flat nasal beige, single, deep creases across the centre of the
palm, protruding tongue
Common health defect in Down syndrome
Heart defects (40%)
Disorders related to inborn errors of metabolism
- Galactosemia
- Hunter syndrome
