CONCEPTS EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
h What is the goal of a nurse? - promote health, prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping
What is ADPIE? - Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Curricula for nursing education are strongly influenced by? - Professional nursing organizations,
individual state boards of nursing, and the national council of state boards of nursing
What professional organization developed a code for nursing students? - NSNA
Who was the first female nurse? - Florence Nightingale
Who were the first nurses? - military men because women weren't allowed in battle
What is MEDICAL asepsis? and an example - clean technique; urinary catheter
What is SURGICAL asepsis? and an example - sterile technique; surgeries in OR
What are the steps in the chain of infection? - 1. Infectious Agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of Exit
4. Mode of Transmission
5. Portal of Entry
6. Susceptible Host
What are examples of an infectious agent? - E.coli, MRSA, C.diff, Hepatitis, HIV
How can an infectious agent be prevented? - Immunizations, and screening healthcare staff
What are examples of infectious reservoirs? - person, object, animal, food, or water
How can an infection be prevented before reaching a reservoir? - hand hygiene, sterilization, and
antibiotics/antimicrobials
, What are examples of a portal of exit from an infectious reservoir? - respiratory system, GI tract, blood,
or an open wound
How can a disease be prevented before exiting a reservoir? - transmission based precautions,
sterilization, or use of disposable supplies
What are the means of transmission for an infection? - Direct or Indirect
How can a disease be prevented before transmission? - Dry intact dressing, hand hygiene, wearing
gloves, and covering nose and mouth when sneezing
What are examples of a portal of entry? - Urinary systems, respiratory systems, and the GI tract
How can a disease be prevented before reaching a portal of entry? - hand hygiene, use of pesticides, or
adequate refrigeration
What is an example of a susceptible host? - elderly, young, or immunocompromised patients
How can a disease be prevented before reaching a susceptible host? - hand hygiene, PPE, and proper
disposal of waste/needles
What is an HAI? - Healthcare acquired infection aka. nosocomial infections
Why do HAI's happen? - Poor infection control during surgery, use of invasive medical devices, and poor
medical asepsis
Will insurance pay for HAI's? - No, the hospital is responsible and it should have been prevented
What makes someone at risk for infection? - wounds, dry/cracked oral tissues, age, not being vaccinated,
invasive devices, low WBC count aka. neutropenic (5,000-10,000 is normal), immunocompromised,
fatigue, malnutrition, and preexisting illnesses
Why are resistant organisms a serious threat? - they are resistant to primary treatment
What are the signs and symptoms of an early infection? - Early:
fever, malaise, pain, swelling, warmth to touch, drainage, cloudy urine with strong odor, elevated WBC,
redness, confusion, and weakness
What are the signs and symptoms of a serious infection? - sepsis, shock, increased HR, organ failure, low
temp, low BP, elevated RR, and decrease urine output
What is the most important way to break the chain of infection? - hand hygiene
What are the 5 moments of hand hygiene? - 1. Before touching a patient
2. Before a clean/aseptic procedure
3. After a procedure or body fluid exposure risk
4. After touching a patient
5. After touching a patient's surroundings
ANSWERS GRADED A+
h What is the goal of a nurse? - promote health, prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping
What is ADPIE? - Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Curricula for nursing education are strongly influenced by? - Professional nursing organizations,
individual state boards of nursing, and the national council of state boards of nursing
What professional organization developed a code for nursing students? - NSNA
Who was the first female nurse? - Florence Nightingale
Who were the first nurses? - military men because women weren't allowed in battle
What is MEDICAL asepsis? and an example - clean technique; urinary catheter
What is SURGICAL asepsis? and an example - sterile technique; surgeries in OR
What are the steps in the chain of infection? - 1. Infectious Agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of Exit
4. Mode of Transmission
5. Portal of Entry
6. Susceptible Host
What are examples of an infectious agent? - E.coli, MRSA, C.diff, Hepatitis, HIV
How can an infectious agent be prevented? - Immunizations, and screening healthcare staff
What are examples of infectious reservoirs? - person, object, animal, food, or water
How can an infection be prevented before reaching a reservoir? - hand hygiene, sterilization, and
antibiotics/antimicrobials
, What are examples of a portal of exit from an infectious reservoir? - respiratory system, GI tract, blood,
or an open wound
How can a disease be prevented before exiting a reservoir? - transmission based precautions,
sterilization, or use of disposable supplies
What are the means of transmission for an infection? - Direct or Indirect
How can a disease be prevented before transmission? - Dry intact dressing, hand hygiene, wearing
gloves, and covering nose and mouth when sneezing
What are examples of a portal of entry? - Urinary systems, respiratory systems, and the GI tract
How can a disease be prevented before reaching a portal of entry? - hand hygiene, use of pesticides, or
adequate refrigeration
What is an example of a susceptible host? - elderly, young, or immunocompromised patients
How can a disease be prevented before reaching a susceptible host? - hand hygiene, PPE, and proper
disposal of waste/needles
What is an HAI? - Healthcare acquired infection aka. nosocomial infections
Why do HAI's happen? - Poor infection control during surgery, use of invasive medical devices, and poor
medical asepsis
Will insurance pay for HAI's? - No, the hospital is responsible and it should have been prevented
What makes someone at risk for infection? - wounds, dry/cracked oral tissues, age, not being vaccinated,
invasive devices, low WBC count aka. neutropenic (5,000-10,000 is normal), immunocompromised,
fatigue, malnutrition, and preexisting illnesses
Why are resistant organisms a serious threat? - they are resistant to primary treatment
What are the signs and symptoms of an early infection? - Early:
fever, malaise, pain, swelling, warmth to touch, drainage, cloudy urine with strong odor, elevated WBC,
redness, confusion, and weakness
What are the signs and symptoms of a serious infection? - sepsis, shock, increased HR, organ failure, low
temp, low BP, elevated RR, and decrease urine output
What is the most important way to break the chain of infection? - hand hygiene
What are the 5 moments of hand hygiene? - 1. Before touching a patient
2. Before a clean/aseptic procedure
3. After a procedure or body fluid exposure risk
4. After touching a patient
5. After touching a patient's surroundings
