BIOL 373 UNIT 1
Physiology - correct answer ✔✔the science of the function of living systems
Function - correct answer ✔✔"why" the system exists/occurs
Process - correct answer ✔✔"how" the system works
Homeostasis - correct answer ✔✔Maintaining a relatively stable internal environment
- external environment <=|=> ECF <=> intracellular fluid
- oscillation around a set point
Response Loop - correct answer ✔✔stimulus, sensor, input signal, integrating center, output signal,
target, response
Feedback mechanisms - correct answer ✔✔Negative Feedback - stabilize variable
Feedforward control - anticipate change
Positive Feedback - reinforce stimulus (not homeostatic)
Homeostasis achieved by ______+______ systems and ______+______signals - correct answer
✔✔nervous + endocrine systems
electrical + chemical signals
Electrical signal - correct answer ✔✔change in membrane potential
- nerve and muscle cells
Chemical signal - correct answer ✔✔secreted into ECF by all cells (most comm)
, cell to cell communication (long range) - correct answer ✔✔Endocrine - hormone released into
bloodstream and distributed
Neural - electrical signal travel down neuron -> chemical signal at neurotransmitter -> transmit info to
next cell
Neuroendocrine - electrical signal down neuron -> chemical signal and secreted into blood
Target cells - correct answer ✔✔Cells that respond to signals
- only cells with receptor for that signal respond
- signal molecule that bind to receptor = ligand
Location of Receptors - correct answer ✔✔Surface receptor
- water soluble = hydrophilic = lipophobic
- most chemical signals are water soluble
Intracellular receptor
- water insoluble = hydrophobic = lipophilic
Types of Membrane Receptors - correct answer ✔✔
Each ligand has only one type of receptor. T/F - correct answer ✔✔False - same signals can have different
effects in different cell types
Increase in cell response to signals by - correct answer ✔✔increased expression of gene that codes for
receptor
increased expression of receptor proteins on cell surface
Decrease in cell response to signals by - correct answer ✔✔internalize surface receptors
Change receptor sensitivity by - correct answer ✔✔phosphorylization
Physiology - correct answer ✔✔the science of the function of living systems
Function - correct answer ✔✔"why" the system exists/occurs
Process - correct answer ✔✔"how" the system works
Homeostasis - correct answer ✔✔Maintaining a relatively stable internal environment
- external environment <=|=> ECF <=> intracellular fluid
- oscillation around a set point
Response Loop - correct answer ✔✔stimulus, sensor, input signal, integrating center, output signal,
target, response
Feedback mechanisms - correct answer ✔✔Negative Feedback - stabilize variable
Feedforward control - anticipate change
Positive Feedback - reinforce stimulus (not homeostatic)
Homeostasis achieved by ______+______ systems and ______+______signals - correct answer
✔✔nervous + endocrine systems
electrical + chemical signals
Electrical signal - correct answer ✔✔change in membrane potential
- nerve and muscle cells
Chemical signal - correct answer ✔✔secreted into ECF by all cells (most comm)
, cell to cell communication (long range) - correct answer ✔✔Endocrine - hormone released into
bloodstream and distributed
Neural - electrical signal travel down neuron -> chemical signal at neurotransmitter -> transmit info to
next cell
Neuroendocrine - electrical signal down neuron -> chemical signal and secreted into blood
Target cells - correct answer ✔✔Cells that respond to signals
- only cells with receptor for that signal respond
- signal molecule that bind to receptor = ligand
Location of Receptors - correct answer ✔✔Surface receptor
- water soluble = hydrophilic = lipophobic
- most chemical signals are water soluble
Intracellular receptor
- water insoluble = hydrophobic = lipophilic
Types of Membrane Receptors - correct answer ✔✔
Each ligand has only one type of receptor. T/F - correct answer ✔✔False - same signals can have different
effects in different cell types
Increase in cell response to signals by - correct answer ✔✔increased expression of gene that codes for
receptor
increased expression of receptor proteins on cell surface
Decrease in cell response to signals by - correct answer ✔✔internalize surface receptors
Change receptor sensitivity by - correct answer ✔✔phosphorylization
