NUR 311 Exam 2 Questions And Answers
With Correct Solutions 2024
What .are .MDIs .and .how .should .they .be .used? .- .correct .answer.Metered-dose .inhalers.
.Small, .hand-held, .pressurized .devices. .Begin .slow .inhalation .before .activation, .hold
.medicine .in .lungs .for .10 .seconds, .and .wait .1 .minute .between .activations.
What .are .SMIs .and .how .should .they .be .used? .- .correct .answer.Soft .mist .inhalers. .Begin
.slow .inhalation, .hold .medicine .in .lungs .for .10 .seconds, .and .wait .1 .minute .between
.activations.
What .is .the .advantage .of .DPIs?
Disadvantage? .How .fast .should .the .patient .inhale? .- .correct .answer.No .hand-lung
.coordination .needed, .breath-activated. .Must .have .adequate .inspiratory .flow .to .inhale
.powder. .Inhale .rapidly.
What .are .SVNs .and .how .are .they .used? .What .are .the .advantages? .- .correct
.answer.Small .volume .nebulizers. .Converts .a .solution .into .a .mist. .Does .not .require .timing
.of .dose .with .inhalation, .rapid .deep .inspiration, .or .hand .strength.
List .three .ways .glucocorticoids .treat .asthma. .- .correct .answer.Suppress .inflammation
.and .bronchial .reactivity, .decrease .mucus .production, .increase .number .and
.responsiveness .of .beta-adrenergic .receptors.
What .is .the .first-line .treatment .for .moderate .to .severe .persistent .asthma? .- .correct
.answer.inhaled .glucocorticoids
Discuss .the .proper .way .to .administer .inhaled .glucocorticoids. .Why? .- .correct
.answer.Gargle .& .spit .after .use. .Use .the .beta-adrenergic .inhaler .first .if .one .is .used. .The
.beta-adrenergic .inhaler .opens .the .airways .so .that .the .glucocorticoid .can .penetrate
.deeper .into .the .lungs. .Gargling .and .spitting .decreases .the .chance .of .an .oropharyngeal
.infection.
Why .might .oral .glucocorticoids .be .necessary .during .stress .even .if .asthma .symptoms .are
.controlled? .- .correct .answer.May .need .to .supplement .because .stressful .events .require
.bursts .of .steroids. .The .patient .may .develop .adrenal .crisis .without .supplementation.
, How .does .motelukast .(Singular), .a .leukotriene .modifier, .work? .- .correct .answer.Blocks
.leukotriene .receptors
What .are .four .mechanisms .of .action .for .leukotriene .modifiers? .- .correct
.answer.Bronchodilation, .decreased .mucus, .decreased .edema, .and .decreased
.eosinophilic .infiltration
How .does .Cromolyn, .a .mast .cell .stabilizer, .work? .- .correct .answer.Prevents .mast .cells
.from .lysing .and .releasing .histamine .and .other .mediators.
How .long .must .mast .cell .stabilizers .be .used .to .obtain .a .therapeutic .effect? .- .correct
.answer.May .take .several .weeks.
How .does .omalizumab .(Xolair) .work? .Why .are .patients .asked .to .stay .in .the .clinic .after
.injections? .- .correct .answer.Myoclonal .antibody .binds .free .IgE .so .that .it .cannot .bind .to
.mast .cells .and .cause .their .lysis. .Risk .for .anaphylaxis.
Why .are .beta2-adrenergic .agonists .used? .- .correct .answer.Relieve .bronchospasm .and
.prevent .exercise-induced .bronchospasm.
What .are .the .three .mechanisms .of .action .for .beta2-adrenergic .agonists? .- .correct
.answer.Bronchodilation, .suppression .of .histamine .release, .increased .ciliary .motility.
What .is .the .difference .between .short-acting .and .long-acting .beta2-adrenergic .agonists? .-
.correct .answer.Short-acting: .lasts .3-5 .hrs, .immediate .effect, .used .for .relief .of
.bronchospasm .and .before .exercise.
Long-acting: .given .every .12 .hrs, .used .to .prevent .bronchospasm.
Discuss .the .adverse .effects .of .beta2-adrenergic .agonists. .- .correct .answer.Tachycardia,
.angina, .tremor, .hypokalemia, .nervousness, .insomnia, .seizures, .paradoxical
.bronchospasm.
Discuss .three .drug-drug .interactions .of .beta2-adrenergic .agonists. .- .correct
.answer.Decreased .potassium .levels .with .diuretics, .glucocorticoids, .and
.methylxanthines. .Beta-blockers .block .their .therapeutic .effects. .Use .of .long-acting .inhaled
.glucocorticoids .may .protect .against .increase .in .asthma-related .deaths .with .inhaled .long-
acting .beta2-adrenergic .agonists.
Explain .how .anticholinergic .inhalers .work. .List .three .anticholinergic .inhalers. .- .correct
.answer.Interrupt .parasympathetic .response .causing .bronchodilation .and .decreased
.mucus.
Atrovent .(ipratropium)
Spiriva .(tiotropium)
Tudorza .Pressair .(aclidinium)
With Correct Solutions 2024
What .are .MDIs .and .how .should .they .be .used? .- .correct .answer.Metered-dose .inhalers.
.Small, .hand-held, .pressurized .devices. .Begin .slow .inhalation .before .activation, .hold
.medicine .in .lungs .for .10 .seconds, .and .wait .1 .minute .between .activations.
What .are .SMIs .and .how .should .they .be .used? .- .correct .answer.Soft .mist .inhalers. .Begin
.slow .inhalation, .hold .medicine .in .lungs .for .10 .seconds, .and .wait .1 .minute .between
.activations.
What .is .the .advantage .of .DPIs?
Disadvantage? .How .fast .should .the .patient .inhale? .- .correct .answer.No .hand-lung
.coordination .needed, .breath-activated. .Must .have .adequate .inspiratory .flow .to .inhale
.powder. .Inhale .rapidly.
What .are .SVNs .and .how .are .they .used? .What .are .the .advantages? .- .correct
.answer.Small .volume .nebulizers. .Converts .a .solution .into .a .mist. .Does .not .require .timing
.of .dose .with .inhalation, .rapid .deep .inspiration, .or .hand .strength.
List .three .ways .glucocorticoids .treat .asthma. .- .correct .answer.Suppress .inflammation
.and .bronchial .reactivity, .decrease .mucus .production, .increase .number .and
.responsiveness .of .beta-adrenergic .receptors.
What .is .the .first-line .treatment .for .moderate .to .severe .persistent .asthma? .- .correct
.answer.inhaled .glucocorticoids
Discuss .the .proper .way .to .administer .inhaled .glucocorticoids. .Why? .- .correct
.answer.Gargle .& .spit .after .use. .Use .the .beta-adrenergic .inhaler .first .if .one .is .used. .The
.beta-adrenergic .inhaler .opens .the .airways .so .that .the .glucocorticoid .can .penetrate
.deeper .into .the .lungs. .Gargling .and .spitting .decreases .the .chance .of .an .oropharyngeal
.infection.
Why .might .oral .glucocorticoids .be .necessary .during .stress .even .if .asthma .symptoms .are
.controlled? .- .correct .answer.May .need .to .supplement .because .stressful .events .require
.bursts .of .steroids. .The .patient .may .develop .adrenal .crisis .without .supplementation.
, How .does .motelukast .(Singular), .a .leukotriene .modifier, .work? .- .correct .answer.Blocks
.leukotriene .receptors
What .are .four .mechanisms .of .action .for .leukotriene .modifiers? .- .correct
.answer.Bronchodilation, .decreased .mucus, .decreased .edema, .and .decreased
.eosinophilic .infiltration
How .does .Cromolyn, .a .mast .cell .stabilizer, .work? .- .correct .answer.Prevents .mast .cells
.from .lysing .and .releasing .histamine .and .other .mediators.
How .long .must .mast .cell .stabilizers .be .used .to .obtain .a .therapeutic .effect? .- .correct
.answer.May .take .several .weeks.
How .does .omalizumab .(Xolair) .work? .Why .are .patients .asked .to .stay .in .the .clinic .after
.injections? .- .correct .answer.Myoclonal .antibody .binds .free .IgE .so .that .it .cannot .bind .to
.mast .cells .and .cause .their .lysis. .Risk .for .anaphylaxis.
Why .are .beta2-adrenergic .agonists .used? .- .correct .answer.Relieve .bronchospasm .and
.prevent .exercise-induced .bronchospasm.
What .are .the .three .mechanisms .of .action .for .beta2-adrenergic .agonists? .- .correct
.answer.Bronchodilation, .suppression .of .histamine .release, .increased .ciliary .motility.
What .is .the .difference .between .short-acting .and .long-acting .beta2-adrenergic .agonists? .-
.correct .answer.Short-acting: .lasts .3-5 .hrs, .immediate .effect, .used .for .relief .of
.bronchospasm .and .before .exercise.
Long-acting: .given .every .12 .hrs, .used .to .prevent .bronchospasm.
Discuss .the .adverse .effects .of .beta2-adrenergic .agonists. .- .correct .answer.Tachycardia,
.angina, .tremor, .hypokalemia, .nervousness, .insomnia, .seizures, .paradoxical
.bronchospasm.
Discuss .three .drug-drug .interactions .of .beta2-adrenergic .agonists. .- .correct
.answer.Decreased .potassium .levels .with .diuretics, .glucocorticoids, .and
.methylxanthines. .Beta-blockers .block .their .therapeutic .effects. .Use .of .long-acting .inhaled
.glucocorticoids .may .protect .against .increase .in .asthma-related .deaths .with .inhaled .long-
acting .beta2-adrenergic .agonists.
Explain .how .anticholinergic .inhalers .work. .List .three .anticholinergic .inhalers. .- .correct
.answer.Interrupt .parasympathetic .response .causing .bronchodilation .and .decreased
.mucus.
Atrovent .(ipratropium)
Spiriva .(tiotropium)
Tudorza .Pressair .(aclidinium)
