AP Psych Final Multiple Choice
A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in ________ memory
a. iconic
b. implicit
c. long-term
d. echoic
e. short-term - ANSWER-c. long- term
A floating sea vessel is to the ocean water as ________ is to ________
a. figure; ground
b. closure; continuity
c. light and shadow; relative height
d. proximity; similarity
e. lightness constancy; relative height - ANSWER-a. figure; ground
A football quarterback can simultaneously make calculations of receiver distances,
player movements, and gravitational forces. This best illustrates the activity of multiple
a. endorphin agonists.
b. endorphin antagonists.
c. thresholds.
d. neural networks.
e. endocrine glands - ANSWER-d. neural networks
A gestalt is best described as a(n)
a. perceptual set.
b. perceptual adaptation.
c. binocular cue.
d. illusion.
e. organized whole - ANSWER-e. organized whole
A majority of respondents in a national survey agreed that "classroom prayer should not
be allowed in public schools." Only 33 percent of respondents in a similar survey agreed
that "classroom prayer in public schools should be banned." These divergent findings
best illustrate the importance of
a. operational definition.
b. the hindsight bias.
c. random assignment.
d. wording effects.
e. overconfidence. - ANSWER-d. wording effects
A person with schizophrenia may have an overactive dopamine system. Drugs used to
treat this disorder prevent the action of dopamine by keeping it from binding to its
receptors. These drugs are - ANSWER-antagonists
,A pigeon is consistently reinforced with food for pecking a key after seeing an image of
a human face, but not reinforce d for pecking after seeing other images. By signaling
that a pecking response will be reinforced, the image of a human face is a(n)
a. primary reinforcer.
b. discriminative stimulus.
c. unconditioned stimulus.
d. generalized stimulus.
e. partial reinforcement - ANSWER-b. discriminative stimulus
A rat in a Skinner box is reinforced with a food pellet only if the rat moves close to the
lever. Next, reinforcement is withheld until the rat stands on its hind legs, then until the
rat touches the lever, and finally, until the rat presses the lever. This example best
illustrates
a. generalization.
b. latent learning.
c. modeling.
d. spontaneous recovery.
e. shaping. - ANSWER-e. shaping
A research method in which an investigator manipulates factors that potentially produce
a particular behavior is called
a(n)
a. case study.
b. survey.
c. experiment.
d. correlational method.
e. naturalistic observation - ANSWER-c. experiment
A researcher interested in investigating the attitudes or opinions of a large sample of
people is most likely to use which research method?
a. naturalistic observation
b. survey
c. case study
d. correlation
e. experiment - ANSWER-b. survey
A researcher who deceives participants about the goals of the research needs to fully
inform them of the true nature of the study later, according to which ethical principle of
human experimentation?
a. protection from harm
b. informed consent
c. debriefing
d. confidentiality
e. coercion - ANSWER-c. debriefing
,A sea slug learns to withdraw its gill after repeatedly being squirted by water. After
repeated squirting, the withdrawal response lessens. Which term would learning
theorists use to describe this reaction?
a. law of effect
b. negative reinforcement
c. operant conditioning
d. conditioned stimulus
e. habituation - ANSWER-e. habituation
A specification of how a researcher measures a research variable is known as a(n) -
ANSWER-operational defintion
A trainer wants to train a chicken to peck a key to obtain food. If she wants the chicken
to learn this trick quickly an d the behavior to be resistant to extinction, she should use
________ reinforcement until the response is mastered and then follow with a period of
________ reinforcement
a. primary; secondary
b. negative; positive
c. continuous; partial
d. partial; continuous
e. positive; negative - ANSWER-c. continuous; partial
About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming
incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and
he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby
suffers from - ANSWER-night terror
After a small section of his basilar membrane was damaged, Jason experienced a
noticeable loss of hearing for high-pitched sounds only. Jason's hearing loss is best
explained by the ________ theory
a. place
b. Young-Helmholtz
c. opponent-process
d. gate-control
e. frequency - ANSWER-a. place
After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat
faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back
and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing
a. sleep apnea.
b. a hallucination.
c. REM sleep.
d. narcolepsy.
e. NREM-3 sleep - ANSWER-c. REM sleep
, After having seen many pictures of the Lincoln Monument during his lifetime, Mr. Adams
mistakenly
recalled that he had actually visited the site. This best illustrates - ANSWER-source
amnesia
After he suffered a stroke, Mr. Santore's physical coordination skills and responsiveness
to sensory stimulation quickly returned to normal. Unfortunately, however, he began to
experience unusual difficulty figuring out how to find his way t o various locations in his
neighborhood. It is most likely that Mr. Santore suffered damage to his
a. association areas.
b. hypothalamus.
c. thalamus.
d. autonomic nervous system.
e. cerebellum - ANSWER-a. association areas
After Kato's serious motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum.
Kato is most likely to have difficulty
a. playing his guitar.
b. experiencing intense emotions.
c. tasting the flavors of foods.
d. understanding what others are saying.
e. reading printed words - ANSWER-a. playing his guitar
After listening to your high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how
loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates
a. transduction.
b. the volley principle.
c. Weber's law.
d. sensory adaptation.
e. accommodation - ANSWER-d. sensory adaptation
After one chimpanzee sees a second chimp open a box that contains a food reward, the
first animal opens a similar box with great speed. This best illustrates
a. spontaneous recovery.
b. observational learning.
c. positive reinforcement.
d. shaping.
e. respondent behavior - ANSWER-b. observational learning
Alexandra is told that research supports the value of cosmetic surgery for boosting self-
esteem. Belinda is told that the esteem-enhancing value of cosmetic surgery has been
refuted by research. Both women would consider the findings to be common sense.
This best illustrates the power of
a. illusory correlation.
b. overconfidence.
c. random sampling.
A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in ________ memory
a. iconic
b. implicit
c. long-term
d. echoic
e. short-term - ANSWER-c. long- term
A floating sea vessel is to the ocean water as ________ is to ________
a. figure; ground
b. closure; continuity
c. light and shadow; relative height
d. proximity; similarity
e. lightness constancy; relative height - ANSWER-a. figure; ground
A football quarterback can simultaneously make calculations of receiver distances,
player movements, and gravitational forces. This best illustrates the activity of multiple
a. endorphin agonists.
b. endorphin antagonists.
c. thresholds.
d. neural networks.
e. endocrine glands - ANSWER-d. neural networks
A gestalt is best described as a(n)
a. perceptual set.
b. perceptual adaptation.
c. binocular cue.
d. illusion.
e. organized whole - ANSWER-e. organized whole
A majority of respondents in a national survey agreed that "classroom prayer should not
be allowed in public schools." Only 33 percent of respondents in a similar survey agreed
that "classroom prayer in public schools should be banned." These divergent findings
best illustrate the importance of
a. operational definition.
b. the hindsight bias.
c. random assignment.
d. wording effects.
e. overconfidence. - ANSWER-d. wording effects
A person with schizophrenia may have an overactive dopamine system. Drugs used to
treat this disorder prevent the action of dopamine by keeping it from binding to its
receptors. These drugs are - ANSWER-antagonists
,A pigeon is consistently reinforced with food for pecking a key after seeing an image of
a human face, but not reinforce d for pecking after seeing other images. By signaling
that a pecking response will be reinforced, the image of a human face is a(n)
a. primary reinforcer.
b. discriminative stimulus.
c. unconditioned stimulus.
d. generalized stimulus.
e. partial reinforcement - ANSWER-b. discriminative stimulus
A rat in a Skinner box is reinforced with a food pellet only if the rat moves close to the
lever. Next, reinforcement is withheld until the rat stands on its hind legs, then until the
rat touches the lever, and finally, until the rat presses the lever. This example best
illustrates
a. generalization.
b. latent learning.
c. modeling.
d. spontaneous recovery.
e. shaping. - ANSWER-e. shaping
A research method in which an investigator manipulates factors that potentially produce
a particular behavior is called
a(n)
a. case study.
b. survey.
c. experiment.
d. correlational method.
e. naturalistic observation - ANSWER-c. experiment
A researcher interested in investigating the attitudes or opinions of a large sample of
people is most likely to use which research method?
a. naturalistic observation
b. survey
c. case study
d. correlation
e. experiment - ANSWER-b. survey
A researcher who deceives participants about the goals of the research needs to fully
inform them of the true nature of the study later, according to which ethical principle of
human experimentation?
a. protection from harm
b. informed consent
c. debriefing
d. confidentiality
e. coercion - ANSWER-c. debriefing
,A sea slug learns to withdraw its gill after repeatedly being squirted by water. After
repeated squirting, the withdrawal response lessens. Which term would learning
theorists use to describe this reaction?
a. law of effect
b. negative reinforcement
c. operant conditioning
d. conditioned stimulus
e. habituation - ANSWER-e. habituation
A specification of how a researcher measures a research variable is known as a(n) -
ANSWER-operational defintion
A trainer wants to train a chicken to peck a key to obtain food. If she wants the chicken
to learn this trick quickly an d the behavior to be resistant to extinction, she should use
________ reinforcement until the response is mastered and then follow with a period of
________ reinforcement
a. primary; secondary
b. negative; positive
c. continuous; partial
d. partial; continuous
e. positive; negative - ANSWER-c. continuous; partial
About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming
incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and
he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby
suffers from - ANSWER-night terror
After a small section of his basilar membrane was damaged, Jason experienced a
noticeable loss of hearing for high-pitched sounds only. Jason's hearing loss is best
explained by the ________ theory
a. place
b. Young-Helmholtz
c. opponent-process
d. gate-control
e. frequency - ANSWER-a. place
After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat
faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back
and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing
a. sleep apnea.
b. a hallucination.
c. REM sleep.
d. narcolepsy.
e. NREM-3 sleep - ANSWER-c. REM sleep
, After having seen many pictures of the Lincoln Monument during his lifetime, Mr. Adams
mistakenly
recalled that he had actually visited the site. This best illustrates - ANSWER-source
amnesia
After he suffered a stroke, Mr. Santore's physical coordination skills and responsiveness
to sensory stimulation quickly returned to normal. Unfortunately, however, he began to
experience unusual difficulty figuring out how to find his way t o various locations in his
neighborhood. It is most likely that Mr. Santore suffered damage to his
a. association areas.
b. hypothalamus.
c. thalamus.
d. autonomic nervous system.
e. cerebellum - ANSWER-a. association areas
After Kato's serious motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum.
Kato is most likely to have difficulty
a. playing his guitar.
b. experiencing intense emotions.
c. tasting the flavors of foods.
d. understanding what others are saying.
e. reading printed words - ANSWER-a. playing his guitar
After listening to your high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how
loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates
a. transduction.
b. the volley principle.
c. Weber's law.
d. sensory adaptation.
e. accommodation - ANSWER-d. sensory adaptation
After one chimpanzee sees a second chimp open a box that contains a food reward, the
first animal opens a similar box with great speed. This best illustrates
a. spontaneous recovery.
b. observational learning.
c. positive reinforcement.
d. shaping.
e. respondent behavior - ANSWER-b. observational learning
Alexandra is told that research supports the value of cosmetic surgery for boosting self-
esteem. Belinda is told that the esteem-enhancing value of cosmetic surgery has been
refuted by research. Both women would consider the findings to be common sense.
This best illustrates the power of
a. illusory correlation.
b. overconfidence.
c. random sampling.
