NUR 3125 Renal Questions With Complete Solutions
Acute glomerulonephritis Correct Answers acute inflammation
of the glomerulus
Most common cause of acute renal failure
Acute glomerulonephritis diagnosis Correct Answers H&P,
UA w/ proteinuria, blood, WBCs, and casts. Renal biopsy might
be helpful to determine the cause.
Acute glomerulonephritis patho Correct Answers Acute
glomerular damage from a primary or secondary source->
decreased glomerular membrane surface area, reduced
glomerular capillary blood flow & increased glomerular
capillary permeability-> loss of plasma proteins into urine->
hypoalbuminemia w/ fluid movement to interstitial spaces
(edema)
Acute glomerulonephritis signs Correct Answers
Hypoalbunemia/Proteinuria (classic sign)
Hematuria
Edema
Elevated BUN/Creatinine
Reduced creatinine clearance
Oliguria
Acute kidney injury Correct Answers sudden decline in renal
function secondary to ischemic injury w/ a decrease in
glomerular filtration and urine output
Classified as: Pre-renal, intrarenal, or post-renal
,Acute kidney injury causes Correct Answers sepsis,
dehydration, hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, nephrotoxic
antibiotics, contrast nephropathy, chemical injury, obstruction of
renal blood flow
Acute kidney injury diagnosis Correct Answers H&P, elevation
in BUN/Creatinine
Acute kidney injury patho Correct Answers Inadequate renal
perfusion->decrease in GFR->ischemic cellular injury->acute
tubular necrosis (ATN)
Acute kidney injury signs Correct Answers New onset oliguria
(classic sign)
measure pee
Sharp elevation in BUN/Creatinine (classic sign)
Hyperkalemia (classic sign)
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypermagnesemia
Metabolic acidosis
Edema
SOB in patients with left sided heart failure
ADH Correct Answers Secreted from the posterior pituitary
gland
Function: increases BP
Increases water reabsorption in the distal tubule and collecting
ducts
ALD Correct Answers Secreted by the adrenal gland under the
regulation of the RAAS
, Function: increases BP, prevents hyperkalemia, regulates pH
Stimulates the epithelial cells in the distal tubule and collecting
ducts of the nephron to reabsorb Na+->pulls more water in to
the vascular system
Increases the excretion of K+ and H+
Autoregulatory mechanisms that impact intrarenal vasculature
Correct Answers tubologlomerular feedback, neural regulation,
hormonal regulation
bilirubin in a urinanalysis Correct Answers liver issue
Bladder scan Correct Answers Shows urine accumulating in
the bladder
Bad part: If somebody has ascites fluid, you can pick up on that
fluid
blood in urinalysis Correct Answers Could be traumatic
catheter insertion, could be trauma
But can also indicate kidney stones, bladder cancer, Urinary
tract infections
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test Correct Answers a waste
product from breakdown of protein
Values can be altered by something else: altered protein intake
Calyces Correct Answers drains the chambers to the renal
pelvis then to the ureters and bladder
Casts in urinalysis Correct Answers Plumps of little cells
(RBC, WBC, fat, protein)
Acute glomerulonephritis Correct Answers acute inflammation
of the glomerulus
Most common cause of acute renal failure
Acute glomerulonephritis diagnosis Correct Answers H&P,
UA w/ proteinuria, blood, WBCs, and casts. Renal biopsy might
be helpful to determine the cause.
Acute glomerulonephritis patho Correct Answers Acute
glomerular damage from a primary or secondary source->
decreased glomerular membrane surface area, reduced
glomerular capillary blood flow & increased glomerular
capillary permeability-> loss of plasma proteins into urine->
hypoalbuminemia w/ fluid movement to interstitial spaces
(edema)
Acute glomerulonephritis signs Correct Answers
Hypoalbunemia/Proteinuria (classic sign)
Hematuria
Edema
Elevated BUN/Creatinine
Reduced creatinine clearance
Oliguria
Acute kidney injury Correct Answers sudden decline in renal
function secondary to ischemic injury w/ a decrease in
glomerular filtration and urine output
Classified as: Pre-renal, intrarenal, or post-renal
,Acute kidney injury causes Correct Answers sepsis,
dehydration, hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, nephrotoxic
antibiotics, contrast nephropathy, chemical injury, obstruction of
renal blood flow
Acute kidney injury diagnosis Correct Answers H&P, elevation
in BUN/Creatinine
Acute kidney injury patho Correct Answers Inadequate renal
perfusion->decrease in GFR->ischemic cellular injury->acute
tubular necrosis (ATN)
Acute kidney injury signs Correct Answers New onset oliguria
(classic sign)
measure pee
Sharp elevation in BUN/Creatinine (classic sign)
Hyperkalemia (classic sign)
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypermagnesemia
Metabolic acidosis
Edema
SOB in patients with left sided heart failure
ADH Correct Answers Secreted from the posterior pituitary
gland
Function: increases BP
Increases water reabsorption in the distal tubule and collecting
ducts
ALD Correct Answers Secreted by the adrenal gland under the
regulation of the RAAS
, Function: increases BP, prevents hyperkalemia, regulates pH
Stimulates the epithelial cells in the distal tubule and collecting
ducts of the nephron to reabsorb Na+->pulls more water in to
the vascular system
Increases the excretion of K+ and H+
Autoregulatory mechanisms that impact intrarenal vasculature
Correct Answers tubologlomerular feedback, neural regulation,
hormonal regulation
bilirubin in a urinanalysis Correct Answers liver issue
Bladder scan Correct Answers Shows urine accumulating in
the bladder
Bad part: If somebody has ascites fluid, you can pick up on that
fluid
blood in urinalysis Correct Answers Could be traumatic
catheter insertion, could be trauma
But can also indicate kidney stones, bladder cancer, Urinary
tract infections
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test Correct Answers a waste
product from breakdown of protein
Values can be altered by something else: altered protein intake
Calyces Correct Answers drains the chambers to the renal
pelvis then to the ureters and bladder
Casts in urinalysis Correct Answers Plumps of little cells
(RBC, WBC, fat, protein)
