Orthopaedic Technologist Exam:
Surgery/60 Questions and answers
What to report to surgeon regarding fx - --Location
-Open/closed
-Type of fx
-Anatomical alignment
-Angulation- degree
-Neurovascular status of limb
-Surgical hand washing procedure - --Examine skin for damage
-Nail pick to clean under nails
-Sterile scrub brush
-One arm at a time, 30 passes in each area
-Each side of each finger
-Extend to 2 inches above elbow
-Excess water allowed to drip into sink
-Protective attire - -Protects from radiation, lasers, and microbes. Scrub suit,
mask, hair cover, shoe cover, non sterile gloves, protective eyewear, and
radiation protection.
-Attire worn in the OR - -Limits microbial spread. Scrub suit, hair cover.
Mask and shoe covers. A cap or hood is worn to cover hair.
-Sterile scrub attire - -Worn by surgical team. Put on after surgical scrub.
Sterile gown, sterile gloves. Required for entry into sterile field. Made of lint-
free fabric. The cuffs of the gown are not considered sterile and must be
covered by the glove. Double-gloving is recommended.
-Double-gloving - -Provides extra protection from injury and disease. As a
sharp object passes through the glove material, bioburden is removed.
Additionally, the ability of latex to act as a barrier decreases over time. A
glove of a larger size is worn next to the skin, and a glove of normal size is
worn on top.
-Supine position - -Patient flat on back. Arms secured at the sides of the
body, palms facing inward. Legs are straight out. A safety belt is positioned
across the thighs approximately 2 inches above the knees. If arm boards are
used, the arms are no more than 90 degree angle. Pillows are placed where
necessary, and a foot board is used to prevent prolonged plantar flexion.
-Fowler's position - -Modified supine position. Decreases blood circulation to
the upper body, and encourages venous drainage. An air embolism is a
, potential hazard of the position. Allows easy access to the head, neck,
shoulder and breast. Arms are secured across the stomach. The upper
section of the table is raised to a 45 degree angle. The whole table is tilted
downward
-Prone position - -The patient is anesthetized before being placed on the
operating table in this position. The safety strap is applied on the thighs
above the knees.
-Beach Chair positioning - -For shoulder surgery
-Lateral position - -Lateral recumbent position. Patient positioned on one
side. Lower leg is flexed, and upper leg remains straight. Safety strap is
placed over the hip. Arms are placed on double armboards.
-ACL reconstruction positioning - -The tourniquet must be placed as
proximally as possible on the thigh of the affected leg. The leg must be
flexed to at least 90 degrees. A leg holder, or lateral post attached to the bed
by brackets is used to hold the leg in position.
-Fracture table positioning to repair hip and femur fractures - -Fx of hip and
thigh require ORIF or intra-medullary rodding. A standard OR table is not
appropriate for this because these techniques require maintained traction.
The table includes a boot- the affected leg is placed in the boot.
-Lateral positioner for hip replacement/hemi-arthroplasty - -The patient lies
on the non-operative side. Posterior pad lies at L4-L5 level, the anterior pad
is pressed closely to the ASIS. The leg must be flexed to 90 degrees.
-Surgical drapes - -Protect the surgical site from contamination. Drapes
must be antistatic, strong porous, must not reflect light, flame retardant, free
of toxins, and not contain lint.
-Plastic drapes - -Adhesive. There are incise and aperture drapes. Incise are
made of thin see-through plastic w/adhesive back. Applied on top of folded
towels. Surgical incision is made through the drape. Aperture drapes have
fenestrations surrounded by adhesive backing.
-Fabric drapes - -Nonwoven textile fabrics are disposable, light, and strong.
Synthetic. Reinforced layers of material surround the fenestration.
Woven textile fabrics are reusable. The material swells when wet and
becomes impermeable. Treated with a fluorochemical to increase fluid
repellent nature. Must be washed, sterilized, inspected for damage, and
repaired.
Surgery/60 Questions and answers
What to report to surgeon regarding fx - --Location
-Open/closed
-Type of fx
-Anatomical alignment
-Angulation- degree
-Neurovascular status of limb
-Surgical hand washing procedure - --Examine skin for damage
-Nail pick to clean under nails
-Sterile scrub brush
-One arm at a time, 30 passes in each area
-Each side of each finger
-Extend to 2 inches above elbow
-Excess water allowed to drip into sink
-Protective attire - -Protects from radiation, lasers, and microbes. Scrub suit,
mask, hair cover, shoe cover, non sterile gloves, protective eyewear, and
radiation protection.
-Attire worn in the OR - -Limits microbial spread. Scrub suit, hair cover.
Mask and shoe covers. A cap or hood is worn to cover hair.
-Sterile scrub attire - -Worn by surgical team. Put on after surgical scrub.
Sterile gown, sterile gloves. Required for entry into sterile field. Made of lint-
free fabric. The cuffs of the gown are not considered sterile and must be
covered by the glove. Double-gloving is recommended.
-Double-gloving - -Provides extra protection from injury and disease. As a
sharp object passes through the glove material, bioburden is removed.
Additionally, the ability of latex to act as a barrier decreases over time. A
glove of a larger size is worn next to the skin, and a glove of normal size is
worn on top.
-Supine position - -Patient flat on back. Arms secured at the sides of the
body, palms facing inward. Legs are straight out. A safety belt is positioned
across the thighs approximately 2 inches above the knees. If arm boards are
used, the arms are no more than 90 degree angle. Pillows are placed where
necessary, and a foot board is used to prevent prolonged plantar flexion.
-Fowler's position - -Modified supine position. Decreases blood circulation to
the upper body, and encourages venous drainage. An air embolism is a
, potential hazard of the position. Allows easy access to the head, neck,
shoulder and breast. Arms are secured across the stomach. The upper
section of the table is raised to a 45 degree angle. The whole table is tilted
downward
-Prone position - -The patient is anesthetized before being placed on the
operating table in this position. The safety strap is applied on the thighs
above the knees.
-Beach Chair positioning - -For shoulder surgery
-Lateral position - -Lateral recumbent position. Patient positioned on one
side. Lower leg is flexed, and upper leg remains straight. Safety strap is
placed over the hip. Arms are placed on double armboards.
-ACL reconstruction positioning - -The tourniquet must be placed as
proximally as possible on the thigh of the affected leg. The leg must be
flexed to at least 90 degrees. A leg holder, or lateral post attached to the bed
by brackets is used to hold the leg in position.
-Fracture table positioning to repair hip and femur fractures - -Fx of hip and
thigh require ORIF or intra-medullary rodding. A standard OR table is not
appropriate for this because these techniques require maintained traction.
The table includes a boot- the affected leg is placed in the boot.
-Lateral positioner for hip replacement/hemi-arthroplasty - -The patient lies
on the non-operative side. Posterior pad lies at L4-L5 level, the anterior pad
is pressed closely to the ASIS. The leg must be flexed to 90 degrees.
-Surgical drapes - -Protect the surgical site from contamination. Drapes
must be antistatic, strong porous, must not reflect light, flame retardant, free
of toxins, and not contain lint.
-Plastic drapes - -Adhesive. There are incise and aperture drapes. Incise are
made of thin see-through plastic w/adhesive back. Applied on top of folded
towels. Surgical incision is made through the drape. Aperture drapes have
fenestrations surrounded by adhesive backing.
-Fabric drapes - -Nonwoven textile fabrics are disposable, light, and strong.
Synthetic. Reinforced layers of material surround the fenestration.
Woven textile fabrics are reusable. The material swells when wet and
becomes impermeable. Treated with a fluorochemical to increase fluid
repellent nature. Must be washed, sterilized, inspected for damage, and
repaired.
