Praxis II Elementary Ed: Math Latest Update Graded A+

Praxis II Elementary Ed: Math Latest Update Graded A+ Cardinal number Tells how many. Example: 9 players on a baseball team Ordinal number a number used to tell order or sequence, 1st 2nd, 3rd.... Base system A place-value system in which each place value is 10 times larger than the place value to its right. Scientific notation using powers of 10 to express large numbers (43,700 is 4.37x10 to the 4) Prime number a whole number that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself. (ex: 2, 3, 5...) Composite number a whole number greater than 1 that has more than 2 factors. (opposite of prime numbers...4, 6, 8...) Greatest common factor The largest factor that two or more numbers have in common. Least common multiple the smallest multiple that is exactly divisible by every member of a set of numbers (of 12 and 18 , the least common multiple is 36) Equivalent forms a number can be represented in more than one way (2, 4/2...or...1/2,%50,.5...) Factor tree showing the prime factors of a number in a simple diagram Commutative property The order of two numbers may be switched around and the answer is the same. (a+b=b+a) Associative property changing the grouping does not change their sum or product (a+b)c=(c+a)b Distributive property a property indicating a special way in which multiplication is applied to addition of two or more numbers in which each term inside a set of parentheses can be multiplied by a factor outside the parentheses, such as a(b + c) = ab + ac Order of operations PEMDAS, Please excuse my dear aunt sally; parenthesis, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, subtraction Modeling operations concerte method- working with real objects semiconcrete- the students work with visual reps semiabstract method-the students work with a symbol (tally marks) to represent objects Strategies for solving mathematical problems drawing a picture, working backwards, finding a pattern, adding lines to a geometric figure...) Negative of an expression x-3 would be 3-x Reciprocal one of a pair of numbers whose product is 1: the reciprocal of 2/3 is 3/2 0/1 equal to zero 1/0 can't divide a number by zero, doesn't equal a number to the zero power equal to one Pascal's triangle a triangular arrangement of numbers in which every row starts and ends with 1 and each other number is the sum of the number above it algorithm a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem area of a triangle A=1⁄2bh area of a circle A=πr2 circumference of a circle 2πr volume of cylinder V=πr2h volume of sphere V=4/3πr3