BCAT Exam Study Cards, RBT
Credential
Positive Reinforcement - correct answer Reinforcment: behavior increases in the future. We
don't know if the reinforcer works until the future when we see increased behavior. Positive:
Consequence is an increase of behavior to what child had
Negative Reinforcement - correct answer Negative: Take away Consequence: an increase in
the behavior
Positive Punishment - correct answer Something is added. Behavior Decreases
Negative Punishment - correct answer Something taken away. Behavior Decreases
Reinforcer - correct answer Consequence that increases behavior
Punisher - correct answer Consequence that decreases behavior
Unconditioned Reinforcer - correct answer Unlearned.Increases frequency of behavior. Think if
you need it to survive its unconditioned
Extinction - correct answer Once you know what the reinforcer is that's painting that behavior,
you eliminate it. Not giving that reinforcer that was painting the problem behavior. Ignoring is
extinction only IF the behavior is to get attention. If the behavior is avoidance then the
extinction would be by following through with the consequence instead of extinction. also: If
the behavior happens but the reinforcer is not delivered--in sensory stimulation
Condtioned Reinforcer - correct answer Things that have been learned that increases the
behavior
Contingency - correct answer What the behavior requirement is in order to earn the reinforcer
or punisher. 3 term contingency: Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
Discriminitive Stimulus - correct answer Tells the child what they should be doing.
a stimulus that indicates that reinforcement is available for doing a specific behavior. S-Delta:
signals extinction is available. SDP: Signals punishment is available for behavior
Stimulus - correct answer The term usually used to describe a neutral stimulus. ie first time you
told a child to touch a tendon and child didn't know what that was.
A change in an organism's surroundings that causes the organism to react
Stimulus Control - correct answer the effect that discriminitive stimulus has on the specific
behavior
Response - correct answer An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus.
Behavior and response are the same thing
,BCAT Exam Study Cards, RBT
Credential
Discrete Trial - correct answer Breaking skills down into small steps, and teaching one sub-skill
at a time, until mastery.
Discrimination Training - correct answer Reinforce a response in the presence of a stimulus,
but not in the absence of that stimulus.
train to respond to one stimuli and not another
Discrete Trial Training - correct answer A drill based teaching methodology. Four Stages: 1.
Mass trials-same sd over and over 2. Block Trials-A block of one sd and a block of another sd 3.
Expanded Trials-sd and distraction, then go back to sd, then increase distraction trials 4.
Random Rotation-Asking for different skills at random. so's are changing
Natural environment training (NET) - correct answer Pivitol Response Training (prt) : Set up
opportunities for child to practice skill rather than forcing. more naturalistic
Fluency Based Training - correct answer Precision Teaching. Trying to get as many correct
responses in as short a time as possible. Fast and accurate
Generalization - correct answer when the skill is learned in a training setting and utilized in a
novel setting.
(psychology) transfer of a response learned to one stimulus to a similar stimulus
Maintenance - correct answer Maintaining the skill over a long period of time. Can do this
through intermittent training and caregiver training
Caregiver Training - correct answer Promote maintenance and generalization through this.
Tell/Show/Do Methodology, Behavioral training
Premack Principle - correct answer "First This, Then That"
Using favored activities to reinforce participation in less desired activities.
Preference Assessment - correct answer formal procedures used to identify highly preferred
stimuli (easiest but most unreliable is ask the caregiver). Reliable: Watch and observe the child
and what they play with.
Prompt - correct answer Things we do to get a correct response. ALL PROMPTS NEED TO BE
FADED ASAP TO AVOID PROMPT DEPENDENCY. 3 different ones: Erroless learning, Most-to-
least, Least-to-most
Error Correcting - correct answer type of prompts: Most-to-least, Least-to-most
chaining - correct answer Procedure where you break down a skill small steps one at a time.
When mastered, put together . 3 different methods: forward, backward, total task
, BCAT Exam Study Cards, RBT
Credential
forward chaining - correct answer allow them to do the first step and then complete the rest of
the steps for them
backward chaining - correct answer allow them to do the last step at the prompt level but
complete the rest for them
Total Task Chaining - correct answer The chaining procedure which teaches each step of the
chain during each training session.
shaping - correct answer the reinforcement of successive approximations to a desired behavior
Pacing - correct answer match it to the client
Alternative Communication - correct answer Something other than verbal.
Augmentative Communication - correct answer supplement or replace oral language.
gmentative Communication
When natural speech is not meeting their communication needs,
strategies augment their current communication
Functional Approaches to teaching language skills - correct answer
Mand Training - correct answer (AKA request training) Training by asking for what you want.
Involves bringing verbal responses under the functional control of MOs.
Tact Training - correct answer Involves bringing verbal responses under the functional control
of nonverbal SDs. "What is this?"
Training echoic behavior - correct answer The Echoic is a form of verbal behavior where the
speaker repeats the same sound or word that was said by another person, like an echo. This clip
demonstrates examples of echoic behavior across situations.
Training intraverbal behavior - correct answer The most complex behavior to teach. "How" and
"when" questions
Teaching joint attention - correct answer The simultaneous engagement of two or more
individuals in mental focus on one and the same external thing. Looking where someone else is
looking
Teaching play skills - correct answer primarily through role playing and imitation skills
Teaching motor skills - correct answer use a lot of imitation skills
Teaching adaptive and safety skills - correct answer
Credential
Positive Reinforcement - correct answer Reinforcment: behavior increases in the future. We
don't know if the reinforcer works until the future when we see increased behavior. Positive:
Consequence is an increase of behavior to what child had
Negative Reinforcement - correct answer Negative: Take away Consequence: an increase in
the behavior
Positive Punishment - correct answer Something is added. Behavior Decreases
Negative Punishment - correct answer Something taken away. Behavior Decreases
Reinforcer - correct answer Consequence that increases behavior
Punisher - correct answer Consequence that decreases behavior
Unconditioned Reinforcer - correct answer Unlearned.Increases frequency of behavior. Think if
you need it to survive its unconditioned
Extinction - correct answer Once you know what the reinforcer is that's painting that behavior,
you eliminate it. Not giving that reinforcer that was painting the problem behavior. Ignoring is
extinction only IF the behavior is to get attention. If the behavior is avoidance then the
extinction would be by following through with the consequence instead of extinction. also: If
the behavior happens but the reinforcer is not delivered--in sensory stimulation
Condtioned Reinforcer - correct answer Things that have been learned that increases the
behavior
Contingency - correct answer What the behavior requirement is in order to earn the reinforcer
or punisher. 3 term contingency: Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
Discriminitive Stimulus - correct answer Tells the child what they should be doing.
a stimulus that indicates that reinforcement is available for doing a specific behavior. S-Delta:
signals extinction is available. SDP: Signals punishment is available for behavior
Stimulus - correct answer The term usually used to describe a neutral stimulus. ie first time you
told a child to touch a tendon and child didn't know what that was.
A change in an organism's surroundings that causes the organism to react
Stimulus Control - correct answer the effect that discriminitive stimulus has on the specific
behavior
Response - correct answer An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus.
Behavior and response are the same thing
,BCAT Exam Study Cards, RBT
Credential
Discrete Trial - correct answer Breaking skills down into small steps, and teaching one sub-skill
at a time, until mastery.
Discrimination Training - correct answer Reinforce a response in the presence of a stimulus,
but not in the absence of that stimulus.
train to respond to one stimuli and not another
Discrete Trial Training - correct answer A drill based teaching methodology. Four Stages: 1.
Mass trials-same sd over and over 2. Block Trials-A block of one sd and a block of another sd 3.
Expanded Trials-sd and distraction, then go back to sd, then increase distraction trials 4.
Random Rotation-Asking for different skills at random. so's are changing
Natural environment training (NET) - correct answer Pivitol Response Training (prt) : Set up
opportunities for child to practice skill rather than forcing. more naturalistic
Fluency Based Training - correct answer Precision Teaching. Trying to get as many correct
responses in as short a time as possible. Fast and accurate
Generalization - correct answer when the skill is learned in a training setting and utilized in a
novel setting.
(psychology) transfer of a response learned to one stimulus to a similar stimulus
Maintenance - correct answer Maintaining the skill over a long period of time. Can do this
through intermittent training and caregiver training
Caregiver Training - correct answer Promote maintenance and generalization through this.
Tell/Show/Do Methodology, Behavioral training
Premack Principle - correct answer "First This, Then That"
Using favored activities to reinforce participation in less desired activities.
Preference Assessment - correct answer formal procedures used to identify highly preferred
stimuli (easiest but most unreliable is ask the caregiver). Reliable: Watch and observe the child
and what they play with.
Prompt - correct answer Things we do to get a correct response. ALL PROMPTS NEED TO BE
FADED ASAP TO AVOID PROMPT DEPENDENCY. 3 different ones: Erroless learning, Most-to-
least, Least-to-most
Error Correcting - correct answer type of prompts: Most-to-least, Least-to-most
chaining - correct answer Procedure where you break down a skill small steps one at a time.
When mastered, put together . 3 different methods: forward, backward, total task
, BCAT Exam Study Cards, RBT
Credential
forward chaining - correct answer allow them to do the first step and then complete the rest of
the steps for them
backward chaining - correct answer allow them to do the last step at the prompt level but
complete the rest for them
Total Task Chaining - correct answer The chaining procedure which teaches each step of the
chain during each training session.
shaping - correct answer the reinforcement of successive approximations to a desired behavior
Pacing - correct answer match it to the client
Alternative Communication - correct answer Something other than verbal.
Augmentative Communication - correct answer supplement or replace oral language.
gmentative Communication
When natural speech is not meeting their communication needs,
strategies augment their current communication
Functional Approaches to teaching language skills - correct answer
Mand Training - correct answer (AKA request training) Training by asking for what you want.
Involves bringing verbal responses under the functional control of MOs.
Tact Training - correct answer Involves bringing verbal responses under the functional control
of nonverbal SDs. "What is this?"
Training echoic behavior - correct answer The Echoic is a form of verbal behavior where the
speaker repeats the same sound or word that was said by another person, like an echo. This clip
demonstrates examples of echoic behavior across situations.
Training intraverbal behavior - correct answer The most complex behavior to teach. "How" and
"when" questions
Teaching joint attention - correct answer The simultaneous engagement of two or more
individuals in mental focus on one and the same external thing. Looking where someone else is
looking
Teaching play skills - correct answer primarily through role playing and imitation skills
Teaching motor skills - correct answer use a lot of imitation skills
Teaching adaptive and safety skills - correct answer
