SPAUD 505: Research Methods || A+ Guaranteed.

SPAUD 505: Research Methods || A+ Guaranteed.
1. Research
2. Scientfic observation correct answers 1. *logically gathering/ organizing info
*for knowledge acquisition
*organized way to seek answer to questions
2. *observe and explain relationship between 2 or more variables
*characteristics of it- objective/ public/ replicable

cause-effect (conditions for inferring it) correct answers *experimental condition occurs before
the change, not after
*observable change
*no other variables account for that change

Conducting Scientific research (5 major steps)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. correct answers 1. statement of the problem
-be specific (what/why)
-clear description
-statement (problem)
-breakdown into subproblems
-rationale (why important)
-published lit
-ROL
-goals of study

2. formulating the research hypothesis
-educated guess

3. developing the research method
-how/ whom
-participants
-materials
-procedure
-reliability

4. results of investigation
-what found
-graphs..
-interpretation

5. discussing/ conclusion
-so what/ what now

,-answer research question?
-discuss previous lit

1. Basic research
2. applied research correct answers 1. -development of knowledge
-not answering clinical problems
2. -to solve a problem

1. laboratory research
2. field research correct answers 1. -control over factors
-make setting
2. -in natural environment

1. Experimental Research
2. Non-experimental (descriptive)
3. Quasi-experimental design correct answers 1. aim: cause/ effect
*requirements
-randomization
-manipulate the independent variable
2. *aim: describe observations
*may or not have comparison group
*provide information
*can't control extraneous factors
3. *aim: cause/ effect mostly
*has control group (no randomization)
*independent variable can't manipulate

1. Quantitative
2. qualitative
3. mixed-method research design correct answers 1. numerical
2. descriptive
3. both^

1. Independent variable
2. dependent variable
3. active variable
4. attribute variable
5. continuous variable
6. categorical variable
7. extraneous variable correct answers 1. causes the change in the dependent variable
2. what we're measuring
3. can be manipulated (IV- experimental)
4. can't manipulate (IV- descriptive)
5. can be ranked, range of values
6. categorized, named
7. unwanted that could influence dependent

, 1. primary source
2. secondary source
3. tertiary source correct answers 1. -first appearance of research results (in original form)
2. -describe, explain, interpret info from ^
-broad oberview
3. -present info from various sources (very broad overview of topic)

evidence based practice
1. components
2. efficacy
3. effectiveness
4. external evidence
5. internal evidence correct answers 1. client perspectives, clinical expertise, evidence
2. likelihood that the protocol would bring the desired outcome under highly controlled
conditions
3. likelihood that the protocol would benefit patients in a real world situation (transfer)
4. research
5. based on your client

framing a research question
1. step 1
-PICO/ PESICO/ SPICE
2. finding/ organizing peer reviewed sources correct answers

1. introduction section
2. review of lit correct answers 1. *state problem (topic/ function to set context for research)
*rationale
*ROL
2. *provides historical/ contextual perspective
*summary past studies
*key terms
*assumptions
*emphasize lack of / conflicting results
*strengths/ weaknesses
*recent lit

Research questions
1. descriptive
2. difference
3. establishing a relationship correct answers 1.
2.
3.

1. deductive reasoning approach
2. inductive reasoning approach correct answers 1. -general to specific (try to confirm theory)