HKIN 191 Midterm Study Guide with Complete Solutions

HKIN 191 Midterm Study Guide with Complete Solutions Carbohydrates - Answer️️ -Macronutrients providing energy, covered up to the lecture. Homeostasis - Answer️️ -The body's tendency to maintain internal stability, crucial for resting conditions. Pulse Wave Velocity - Answer️️ -Measure of aortal stiffness, calculated using distance and time, with a cut-off between 9.9 - 13.0 m/s. Preload - Answer️️ -Volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole, increased in hypervolemia and regurgitation. Afterload - Answer️️ -Resistance the left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood, increased in hypertension and vasoconstriction. Systole - Answer️️ -Period of contraction of the ventricles of the heart, used to measure aortal compliance and stiffness. Diastole - Answer️️ -Period of relaxation in the ventricles, involving passive and active filling of the heart with blood. Arterial Stiffness - Answer️️ -Rigidity of blood vessels increasing reverb back to the heart, leading to higher blood pressure. ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM Page | 2 Arterial Compliance - Answer️️ -Ability of the blood vessel wall to expand and contract passively with changes in pressure, calculated by change in Volume by change in Pressure. Perfusion Pressure - Answer️️ -The pressure from the arterial side to the venous side of the vessel. Transmural Pressure - Answer️️ -The pressure difference across the vessel wall. Left Ventricle - Answer️️ -Part of the heart responsible for inducing blood flow through the body and allowing it to fill up with more blood. Aorta - Answer️️ -The opening in the heart through which oxygenated blood flows out from the left ventricle. Tonometer - Answer️️ -Instrument for measuring the pressure of blood vessels. Carotid Artery - Answer️️ -Major artery in the neck where the pulse can be felt. Femoral Artery - Answer️️ -Major artery supplying blood to the legs through the hip. Anatomy - Answer️️ -The structure of the body, the individual parts separated. Physiology - Answer️️ -The study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. Exercise Physiology - Answer️️ -Addresses short-term responses of the body to stress caused by physical activity and the adaptability of the body relative to physical activity. Sedentary Physiology - Answer️️ -The study of deleterious health outcomes from the lack of moderate to physical activity. ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM Page | 3 Physical Activity - Answer️️ -Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles resulting in energy expenditure, usually related to physical fitness. Exercise - Answer️️ -Planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement aimed at improving or maintaining physical fitness. Sport - Answer️️ -Subset of exercise undertaken individually or as part of a team, adhering to a common set of rules or expectations. Physical Fitness - Answer️️ -The ability of the body systems to work together efficiently to allow for healthy living and performing daily activities. Health-Related Components of Physical Fitness - Answer️️ -Body