Pathophysiology Prep Overview
Diffusion - ANSWER Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
Osmotic diarrhea - ANSWER Non-absorbable substances stay in the intestine and draw water into the
bowel.
BNP - ANSWER B-type natriuretic peptide, a marker used to diagnose heart failure
Calcitonin - ANSWER Produced by the thyroid gland and decreases the blood calcium levels
Pleural effusion, what is? - ANSWER a. Fluid accumulation in the pleural space around the lungs
called third spacing.
Albumin - ANSWER Protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
Pleural effusion, causes of - ANSWER Infection, pulmonary artery blockage, CKD/ARF, CHF
Respiratory acidosis, values - ANSWER ph 7.29 bicarb=25 PaCO2 =55
Respiratory acidosis, what is? - ANSWER Inadequate lung ventilation causing CO2 retention and pH
reduction.
Respiratory acidosis, causes of? - ANSWER Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), infection,
foreign body obstruction, and severe asthma
Compensation for acid-base disturbances - ANSWER Respiratory system adjusts breathing rate and
depth.
Rapid breathing, symptom of - ANSWER Acidosis.
Homozygous - ANSWER Inheriting the same allele from both parents.
,ICF compartment - ANSWER Fluid inside cells, 40% body weight (2/3)
Issues commonly causing dehydration - ANSWER Severe diarrhea and excessive sweating.
Phagocytic cells - ANSWER Cells that engulf and digest pathogens and debris, such as macrophages
and neutrophils
Adaptive Immunity - ANSWER T cells and B cells
T cells - ANSWER Produce small proteins called cytokines
HIV, patho of - ANSWER Invades T4 cells, leaving body open to infection
Immunoglobulin, another name for - ANSWER Antibodies
Antibodies, action to invasion - ANSWER Enhance phagocytosis, recruit the complement system
Turner's syndrome, cause of - ANSWER Missing X-chromosome in females with specific symptoms.
Turner's syndrome, symptoms of - ANSWER Hypothyroidism, hypertension, webbing of the neck,
amenorrhea, short stature, infertility, vision issues, aortic value abnormalities
Huntington's disease, symptoms of - ANSWER Movement control loss, cognitive decline, dementia,
spasticity, swallowing difficulty
ND-PAE, results of - ANSWER Cognitive deficits, behavioral problems, and physical abnormalities.
Poor impulse control and memory issues
ND-PAE, classic presentation - ANSWER Smaller or agenesis of corpus callosum
Grade 1 sprain - ANSWER Mild ligament stretching with minimal joint instability.
, BSA calculation for burns - ANSWER Front torso is 18% of Body Surface Area.
Result of burns > 30% of the body - ANSWER Normal organ function is disrupted
Infection, can be cause of death for? - ANSWER Burn patients
Partial-thickness burns - ANSWER Swelling, pain, blisters, blanching with pressure.
Plantar Warts - ANSWER warts that develop on the soles of the foot, grow inward, and can become
painful. cryosurgery to remove
Rickett's - ANSWER Osteomalacia seen in children due to vitamin D deficiency, soft bones
Colchicine, used for - ANSWER Used to reduce uric acid for gout patients
Staph Aureus - ANSWER most common cause of osteomyelitis
Conjunctivitis, causes of - ANSWER Bacteria, virus, alleries
Y chromosomes - ANSWER Male chromosome inherited from dad
Basil Cell Carcinoma - ANSWER Dome-shaped bump with superficial blood vessels, 80% are from sun
damage
Inflammation - ANSWER Body's response to tissue injury by trauma or bacteria.
Transcription - ANSWER Copying DNA segment into RNA.
Innate immunity - ANSWER Body's first line of defense against pathogens. Examples are phagocytosis
or anatomical barriers.
Diffusion - ANSWER Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
Osmotic diarrhea - ANSWER Non-absorbable substances stay in the intestine and draw water into the
bowel.
BNP - ANSWER B-type natriuretic peptide, a marker used to diagnose heart failure
Calcitonin - ANSWER Produced by the thyroid gland and decreases the blood calcium levels
Pleural effusion, what is? - ANSWER a. Fluid accumulation in the pleural space around the lungs
called third spacing.
Albumin - ANSWER Protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
Pleural effusion, causes of - ANSWER Infection, pulmonary artery blockage, CKD/ARF, CHF
Respiratory acidosis, values - ANSWER ph 7.29 bicarb=25 PaCO2 =55
Respiratory acidosis, what is? - ANSWER Inadequate lung ventilation causing CO2 retention and pH
reduction.
Respiratory acidosis, causes of? - ANSWER Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), infection,
foreign body obstruction, and severe asthma
Compensation for acid-base disturbances - ANSWER Respiratory system adjusts breathing rate and
depth.
Rapid breathing, symptom of - ANSWER Acidosis.
Homozygous - ANSWER Inheriting the same allele from both parents.
,ICF compartment - ANSWER Fluid inside cells, 40% body weight (2/3)
Issues commonly causing dehydration - ANSWER Severe diarrhea and excessive sweating.
Phagocytic cells - ANSWER Cells that engulf and digest pathogens and debris, such as macrophages
and neutrophils
Adaptive Immunity - ANSWER T cells and B cells
T cells - ANSWER Produce small proteins called cytokines
HIV, patho of - ANSWER Invades T4 cells, leaving body open to infection
Immunoglobulin, another name for - ANSWER Antibodies
Antibodies, action to invasion - ANSWER Enhance phagocytosis, recruit the complement system
Turner's syndrome, cause of - ANSWER Missing X-chromosome in females with specific symptoms.
Turner's syndrome, symptoms of - ANSWER Hypothyroidism, hypertension, webbing of the neck,
amenorrhea, short stature, infertility, vision issues, aortic value abnormalities
Huntington's disease, symptoms of - ANSWER Movement control loss, cognitive decline, dementia,
spasticity, swallowing difficulty
ND-PAE, results of - ANSWER Cognitive deficits, behavioral problems, and physical abnormalities.
Poor impulse control and memory issues
ND-PAE, classic presentation - ANSWER Smaller or agenesis of corpus callosum
Grade 1 sprain - ANSWER Mild ligament stretching with minimal joint instability.
, BSA calculation for burns - ANSWER Front torso is 18% of Body Surface Area.
Result of burns > 30% of the body - ANSWER Normal organ function is disrupted
Infection, can be cause of death for? - ANSWER Burn patients
Partial-thickness burns - ANSWER Swelling, pain, blisters, blanching with pressure.
Plantar Warts - ANSWER warts that develop on the soles of the foot, grow inward, and can become
painful. cryosurgery to remove
Rickett's - ANSWER Osteomalacia seen in children due to vitamin D deficiency, soft bones
Colchicine, used for - ANSWER Used to reduce uric acid for gout patients
Staph Aureus - ANSWER most common cause of osteomyelitis
Conjunctivitis, causes of - ANSWER Bacteria, virus, alleries
Y chromosomes - ANSWER Male chromosome inherited from dad
Basil Cell Carcinoma - ANSWER Dome-shaped bump with superficial blood vessels, 80% are from sun
damage
Inflammation - ANSWER Body's response to tissue injury by trauma or bacteria.
Transcription - ANSWER Copying DNA segment into RNA.
Innate immunity - ANSWER Body's first line of defense against pathogens. Examples are phagocytosis
or anatomical barriers.
