Bio 2 Final Exam- Palmtag FGCU
What is some evidence for endosymbiosis? - -Mitochondria replicate similar to binary fission
-plastids have circular chromosomes
-ribosomes are similar to prokayotes
What is Hardy Weinburg equilibrium? - p^2 + 2pq+ q^2 =1
-If a population is at equilibrium, (percentages don't change)
-No genetic drift, gene flow, no natural selection, no new alleles, no sexual selection
-Genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection cause most evolutionary change
Acquired vs. Inherited traits - Acquired- changes made to body that don't affect DNA
Inherited- traits derived from DNA
What was Darwin's and Wallace's contribution to science? - mechanism for which evolution
occurs, evolution with natural selection
Genetic Drift - Chance events cause the allele frequency of a small population to fluctuate
unpredictably
-Founder Effect, small sub population goes somewhere else
-Bottleneck Effect, natural disaster, sudden change in environment
Gene Flow - The addition or subtraction of alleles due to the movement of reproductively viable
individuals
Natural Selection - Alleles that enhance survival and reproduction increase over time
, Biological Species Concept - -if it can breed and produce offspring then it's the same species
-No gene flow
Morphological Species Concept - Morphology, body shape, structural features
-gene flow is unknown
Ecological Species Concept - Defines species based on "ecological niche"
Two species may maintain different ecological niches and/or behavior, and/or morphology yet
occasionally interbreed (gene flow)
What are the key features of natural selection? - genetic variation
over production of offspring
struggle for existence
Pre zygotic barriers - -no zygote is formed
-temporal isolation
-mechanical isolation
-gametic isolation
Post zygotic barriers - -Zygote is formed
-Hybrid Breakdown
-Reduced hybrid viability
-Reduced hybrid fertility
Sympatric speciation - separated by behavior
Allopatric Speciation - one population is physically separated from another
What is some evidence for endosymbiosis? - -Mitochondria replicate similar to binary fission
-plastids have circular chromosomes
-ribosomes are similar to prokayotes
What is Hardy Weinburg equilibrium? - p^2 + 2pq+ q^2 =1
-If a population is at equilibrium, (percentages don't change)
-No genetic drift, gene flow, no natural selection, no new alleles, no sexual selection
-Genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection cause most evolutionary change
Acquired vs. Inherited traits - Acquired- changes made to body that don't affect DNA
Inherited- traits derived from DNA
What was Darwin's and Wallace's contribution to science? - mechanism for which evolution
occurs, evolution with natural selection
Genetic Drift - Chance events cause the allele frequency of a small population to fluctuate
unpredictably
-Founder Effect, small sub population goes somewhere else
-Bottleneck Effect, natural disaster, sudden change in environment
Gene Flow - The addition or subtraction of alleles due to the movement of reproductively viable
individuals
Natural Selection - Alleles that enhance survival and reproduction increase over time
, Biological Species Concept - -if it can breed and produce offspring then it's the same species
-No gene flow
Morphological Species Concept - Morphology, body shape, structural features
-gene flow is unknown
Ecological Species Concept - Defines species based on "ecological niche"
Two species may maintain different ecological niches and/or behavior, and/or morphology yet
occasionally interbreed (gene flow)
What are the key features of natural selection? - genetic variation
over production of offspring
struggle for existence
Pre zygotic barriers - -no zygote is formed
-temporal isolation
-mechanical isolation
-gametic isolation
Post zygotic barriers - -Zygote is formed
-Hybrid Breakdown
-Reduced hybrid viability
-Reduced hybrid fertility
Sympatric speciation - separated by behavior
Allopatric Speciation - one population is physically separated from another
