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What does the frequency of a wave describe? - ✔✔The frequency of a
wave describes how frequently a wave repeats. The F0 is the slowest
repeating sound.
What is a complex waveform? - ✔✔Complex tones have many frequencies.
They are sounds that have a repeating pattern; called periodic sounds.
These sounds have multiple frequencies and maintain a periodic shape,
the F0 is often the strongest, and the harmonics are integers of the F0.
How do speakers increase their perceived loudness? - ✔✔Increasing
(subglottal) pressure drives speech, larger vocal fold excursions, more
forceful vocal fold collisions, larger articulator movements, higher oral
pressure, a stronger consonant burst release, and lowered pitch.
What is the main thing that distinguishes a digital signal from an analog
signal? - ✔✔Analog signals are continuous (no gaps) in time and amplitude
and digital signals are discrete (snapshots over time) in time and amplitude.
, What is a sampling rate? - ✔✔The number of samples per second. Low
sample rate = few details. High = more connected, more dots.
What is quantization? - ✔✔The process by which you measure the signal
amplitude and assign it a digital number.
If we want to include speech sounds up to 22,000Hz in our digital recording
(without aliasing), how high would we need the sample rate to be? -
✔✔Sample at twice the rate of the highest frequency. We would need to
sample at 44,000Hz.
What is a spectrum and how is it different from a spectrogram? - ✔✔A
spectrum shows the frequencies that occurred in the waveform over a
selected length of time. It is a snapshot in time. X-axis = frequency, Y-axis
= amplitude. A spectrogram shows how spectrums change over time. X-
axis = time, Y-axis = frequency.
What is Fourier analysis/Fourier transform? - ✔✔Creates a "spectrum" by
analyzing waveforms. It presents all the different frequencies that make up
the complex wave.
What does the spectrum of a person's voice look like? - ✔✔Complex
periodic signals will have multiple lines. The voice source isn't truly
periodic; it's "nearly" periodic. The spectrum has no peaks. Some spread of