SOCE/Final Exam Study Guide 2024 With Complete Solution

Values - are principles, standards, or qualities considered worthwhile or desirable. Assumption - is a notion, statement, or belief about a person, group, or event that may or may not be factual Bribery - corruptly to give, offer, or promise to any public servant, or, if a public servant, corruptly to request, solicit, accept, or agree to accept for himself or herself or another, any pecuniary or other benefit not authorized by law with an intent or purpose to influence the performance of any act or omission which the person believes to be, or the public servant represents as being, within the official discretion of a public servant, in violation of a public duty, or in performance of a public duty. Quid pro quo - Latin term that means "something for something in return." Insubordination - failure to follow orders from superiors in the chain of command Probation - is a sentence placing a person under the supervision of a probation officer for a specified length of time instead of confinement. Misuse of position or authority - No public officer, employee of an agency, or local government attorney shall corruptly use or attempt to use his or her official position or any property or resource which may be within his or her trust, or perform his or her official duties, to secure a special privilege, benefit, or exemption for himself, herself, or others. Chain of command - the order of authority within an organization Nolo contendere - where an individual does not accept or deny responsibility for the charges but agrees to accept punishment Prosecution - presents the government's case Hostile work environment - a job culture where lewd jokes or other offensive habits are acceptable. Perception - is the impression in a person's mind of an individual, a group of people, or events based on experiences, biases, beliefs, assumptions, and observations. EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) - the governmental agency that enforces compliance with the civil rights act State Attorney - same as prosecutor; responsible for filing formal charges in criminal cases Judge - is authorized to preside over the courtroom and to decide questions of law brought before the court. Court administrator - is responsible for the day-to-day functioning of a court system. Perjury - may be defined as a false statement that a person makes under oath but does not believe to be true. Discrimination - is the negative behavior toward a person or group that is based on color, race, sex, age, religion, ethnic and national origin, handicap, and/or marital status. Sexual harassment - is defined as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. The courts have held that intent is not a factor in determining what constitutes sexual harassment. U.S. Supreme Court - is the highest court in the United States and the chief authority in the judicial branch—one of three branches of the U.S. federal government. Hears appeals from the decisions of lower federal courts and state supreme courts, and it resolves issues of constitutional and federal law. Its decisions can be changed only by a constitutional amendment. The most important responsibility is to decide cases that raise questions of constitutional interpretation. County and Municipal Holding Facilities - These facilities provide a place for detainees while booking procedures are completed or until they can be transported to a county jail. County Jails - are used for booking and temporary detention of defendants awaiting trial or disposition on federal or state charges and of convicted offenders sentenced to short-term detention (a year or less). Juvenile Assessment/Detention Center - Juvenile suspects are taken to this center for processing and possible pretrial detention. Prisons (federal and state) - are correctional institutions maintained by the federal and state governments for the confinement of convicted felons.