,Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
VanMeter and Hubert: Gould’s Pathophysiology for the Health Professions, 7th Edition
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
MULTIPLE CHOICE `r`!
1. Which of the following would be the most likely cause of
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
aniatrogenic disease?
`r`! r̀`! `r`!
a. An inheriteddisorder `r`!
b. Acombination of specific etiological factors
r̀`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`!
c. An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
d. Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r̀! `r`! `r`! r̀`!
ANS: C `r`!
2. The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the
r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness. r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`!
b. signs and symptoms of adisease. `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
c. factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness. `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r̀!
d. earlyindicators of the prodromal stage of infection. r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
ANS: B `r`!
3. The best definition of the term prognosis is the
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a. precipitating factors causing an acute episode. r̀`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`!
b. number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness. r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
c. predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease. `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
d. exacerbations occurring during chronic illness. `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`!
ANS: C `r`!
4. Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?
r̀`! `r̀! `r`! `r̀! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. Swelling of theknee ` r` ! ` r`!
b. Fever
c. Pain in theneck `r`! `r`! r̀`!
d. Red rash on theface `r `! `r`! `r` !
ANS: B `r`!
5. Etiologyis defined as the studyof the r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`!
a. causes of adisease. `r `! `r`!
b. course of adisease. `r`! ` r `!
c. expected complications of a disease. r̀`! `r`! r̀`! r̀`!
d. manifestations of adisease. `r`! `r`!
ANS: A `r`!
6. A type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell size is referred to as
`r̀! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. hypertrophy.
b. metaplasia.
c. anaplasia.
d. atrophy.
ANS: D `r`!
7. A change in a tissue marked by cells that varyin size and shape and show increased
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
`r`! mitoticfigures would be called r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
, a. metaplasia.
b. atrophy.
c. dysplasia.
d. hypertrophy.
ANS: C `r`!
8. A deficit of oxygen in the cells usuallydue to respiratoryor circulatory problems is called
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`!
a. apoptosis.
b. ischemia.
c. hypertrophy.
d. necrosis.
ANS: B `r`!
9. When a group of cells in the bodydies, the change is called
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. ischemia.
b. gangrene.
c. hypoxia.
d. necrosis.
ANS: D `r`!
10. Rigorous weightlifting/body building regimens may result in the skeletal muscle
`r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r̀! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
cellsundergoing
`r`! r̀`!
a. hypertrophy.
b. dysplasia.
c. atrophy.
d. regeneration.
ANS: A `r`!
11. The term cancer refersto
`r`! `r`! `r `!
a. dysplasia.
b. hyperplasia.
c. metaplasia.
d. malignant neoplasm. `r`!
ANS: D `r`!
12. To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. Increased rate of mitosis bycertain cells `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`!
b. Ischemic damage tocells `r`! `r`!
c. Liquefaction of necrotictissue `r`! `r`!
d. Preprogrammed cellself-destruction `r`! r̀`!
ANS: D `r`!
13. Which of the following statements is TRUE? `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r̀! `r`! `r`!
a. Alteration of DNA does not change cell function. `r̀! `r`! `r̀! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
b. Damaged cells maybe able to repair themselves. `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
c. All types of cells die at the same rate. `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
d. Mild ischemia causes immediate cell death. `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
ANS: B `r`!
14. Caseation necrosis refers to an area where `r̀! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. cell proteins have been denatured. `r̀! `r`! `r̀! `r`!
, b. cells are liquefied byenzymes. `r`! `r̀! `r`! r̀`!
c. dead cells form a thick cheesysubstance. `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`!
d. bacterial invasion hasoccurred. `r `! `r `!
ANS: C `r`!
15. Routine application of sun block to skin would be an example of
r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. an iatrogenic cause ofcancer. `r`! `r`! `r`!
b. a preventivemeasure. `r`! r̀`!
c. a precipitatingfactor. `r`! r̀`!
d. a predisposingcondition. `r`!
ANS: B `r`!
16. A circumstance that causes a sudden acute episode of a chronic disease to occur is termed
`r̀! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. latent stage. r̀`!
b. predisposingfactor. r̀`!
c. incidence.
d. precipitating factor. `r`!
ANS: D `r`!
17. Theterm homeostasis refers to
r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. the causative factors in a particular disease.
r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
b. maintenanceof a stable internal environment. r̀`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`!
c. a condition that triggers an acute episode.
r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
d. a collection ofsigns and symptoms.
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
ANS: B `r`!
18. Which term is used to describe a new and secondary or additional problem that arises after
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theoriginal disease has been established?
`r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. Symptoms
b. Occurrence
c. Manifestations
d. Complication
ANS: D `r`!
19. Pathophysiologyinvolves the studyof r̀`! `r`! `r`! r̀`!
a. the structureof the human body. `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
b. the functions of various organs in the body.
`r̀! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
c. functional or structural changes resulting from disease processes. `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r̀! r̀`! `r`!
d. various cell structures and related functions. `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
ANS: C `r`!
20. Which of the following is the best definition of epidemiology?
r̀`! `r̀! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. The science of tracking the occurrence and distribution of diseases
r̀`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
b. The relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease
r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
c. Identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`!
d. The global search for emerging diseases r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
ANS: A `r`!
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
VanMeter and Hubert: Gould’s Pathophysiology for the Health Professions, 7th Edition
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
MULTIPLE CHOICE `r`!
1. Which of the following would be the most likely cause of
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
aniatrogenic disease?
`r`! r̀`! `r`!
a. An inheriteddisorder `r`!
b. Acombination of specific etiological factors
r̀`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`!
c. An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
d. Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r̀! `r`! `r`! r̀`!
ANS: C `r`!
2. The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the
r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness. r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`!
b. signs and symptoms of adisease. `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
c. factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness. `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r̀!
d. earlyindicators of the prodromal stage of infection. r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
ANS: B `r`!
3. The best definition of the term prognosis is the
r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. precipitating factors causing an acute episode. r̀`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`!
b. number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness. r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
c. predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease. `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
d. exacerbations occurring during chronic illness. `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`!
ANS: C `r`!
4. Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?
r̀`! `r̀! `r`! `r̀! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. Swelling of theknee ` r` ! ` r`!
b. Fever
c. Pain in theneck `r`! `r`! r̀`!
d. Red rash on theface `r `! `r`! `r` !
ANS: B `r`!
5. Etiologyis defined as the studyof the r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`!
a. causes of adisease. `r `! `r`!
b. course of adisease. `r`! ` r `!
c. expected complications of a disease. r̀`! `r`! r̀`! r̀`!
d. manifestations of adisease. `r`! `r`!
ANS: A `r`!
6. A type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell size is referred to as
`r̀! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. hypertrophy.
b. metaplasia.
c. anaplasia.
d. atrophy.
ANS: D `r`!
7. A change in a tissue marked by cells that varyin size and shape and show increased
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
`r`! mitoticfigures would be called r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
, a. metaplasia.
b. atrophy.
c. dysplasia.
d. hypertrophy.
ANS: C `r`!
8. A deficit of oxygen in the cells usuallydue to respiratoryor circulatory problems is called
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`!
a. apoptosis.
b. ischemia.
c. hypertrophy.
d. necrosis.
ANS: B `r`!
9. When a group of cells in the bodydies, the change is called
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. ischemia.
b. gangrene.
c. hypoxia.
d. necrosis.
ANS: D `r`!
10. Rigorous weightlifting/body building regimens may result in the skeletal muscle
`r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r̀! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
cellsundergoing
`r`! r̀`!
a. hypertrophy.
b. dysplasia.
c. atrophy.
d. regeneration.
ANS: A `r`!
11. The term cancer refersto
`r`! `r`! `r `!
a. dysplasia.
b. hyperplasia.
c. metaplasia.
d. malignant neoplasm. `r`!
ANS: D `r`!
12. To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. Increased rate of mitosis bycertain cells `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`!
b. Ischemic damage tocells `r`! `r`!
c. Liquefaction of necrotictissue `r`! `r`!
d. Preprogrammed cellself-destruction `r`! r̀`!
ANS: D `r`!
13. Which of the following statements is TRUE? `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r̀! `r`! `r`!
a. Alteration of DNA does not change cell function. `r̀! `r`! `r̀! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
b. Damaged cells maybe able to repair themselves. `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
c. All types of cells die at the same rate. `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
d. Mild ischemia causes immediate cell death. `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
ANS: B `r`!
14. Caseation necrosis refers to an area where `r̀! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. cell proteins have been denatured. `r̀! `r`! `r̀! `r`!
, b. cells are liquefied byenzymes. `r`! `r̀! `r`! r̀`!
c. dead cells form a thick cheesysubstance. `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`!
d. bacterial invasion hasoccurred. `r `! `r `!
ANS: C `r`!
15. Routine application of sun block to skin would be an example of
r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. an iatrogenic cause ofcancer. `r`! `r`! `r`!
b. a preventivemeasure. `r`! r̀`!
c. a precipitatingfactor. `r`! r̀`!
d. a predisposingcondition. `r`!
ANS: B `r`!
16. A circumstance that causes a sudden acute episode of a chronic disease to occur is termed
`r̀! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. latent stage. r̀`!
b. predisposingfactor. r̀`!
c. incidence.
d. precipitating factor. `r`!
ANS: D `r`!
17. Theterm homeostasis refers to
r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. the causative factors in a particular disease.
r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
b. maintenanceof a stable internal environment. r̀`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`!
c. a condition that triggers an acute episode.
r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
d. a collection ofsigns and symptoms.
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
ANS: B `r`!
18. Which term is used to describe a new and secondary or additional problem that arises after
`r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
theoriginal disease has been established?
`r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. Symptoms
b. Occurrence
c. Manifestations
d. Complication
ANS: D `r`!
19. Pathophysiologyinvolves the studyof r̀`! `r`! `r`! r̀`!
a. the structureof the human body. `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
b. the functions of various organs in the body.
`r̀! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
c. functional or structural changes resulting from disease processes. `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r̀! r̀`! `r`!
d. various cell structures and related functions. `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
ANS: C `r`!
20. Which of the following is the best definition of epidemiology?
r̀`! `r̀! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
a. The science of tracking the occurrence and distribution of diseases
r̀`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
b. The relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease
r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
c. Identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`! r̀`! `r`! `r`!
d. The global search for emerging diseases r̀`! `r`! `r`! `r`! `r`!
ANS: A `r`!
