WGU D027 2 Questions And Answers
100% Verified.
Loop Diuretics - correct answer.Prefix "emide" Furosemide.
Mechanism of action: Block water reabsorption in the loop of Henle of the nephron.
Increases urine output.
AE: decreased K+, decreased BP, Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity.
Contradictions: auditory, renal impartments
During diastole, which part of the heart is filling with blood? - correct answer.Both
ventricles. Systole reflects the perfusing pressure of the cardiovascular system where
the ventricles eject blood from the heart. Once complete, a resting period—diastole—
follows, where blood must refill the ventricles directly from the collection that occurred in
the atria.
Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? - correct answer.Pulmonary vein. The
superior vena cava carries all the deoxygenated blood from peripheral circulation back
to the heart where it enters the right atrium to be pumped into the right ventricle. The
right ventricle pumps to the lungs for oxygenation via the pulmonary artery. After
pulmonary circulation, the oxygenated blood is carried back to the heart via the
pulmonary vein.
What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm? - correct
answer.Erodes the vessel wall .Atherosclerosis, also known as the process of
"hardening of the arteries" and secondary to plaque formation, weakens the flexibility of
a blood vessel wall. Without vascular compliance, the vessel wall becomes more rigid
and susceptible to rupture (i.e., an aneurysm).
Which complex (wave) represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations?
- correct answer.The QRS wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) represents the
largest spike in electrical activity of the heart, as ventricular muscle cells perform the
highest burden of work to pump blood volume out of the heart in that instance.
,Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with
hypertension? - correct answer.Angiotensin II leads to myocardial hypertrophy, poor
myocardial compliance, and ventricular dilation through stimulating increased cardiac
preload and afterload and direct toxicity to myocardial cells. It causes sarcomere death,
abnormal collagen matrices, and interstitial fibrosis
Most cardiovascular developments occur between which weeks of gestation? - correct
answer.During weeks four to seven, the primitive heart tube progresses through
numerous stages of development leading to a developed heart with distinct atria,
ventricles, and cardiac vessels.
Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with
tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) to relieve hypoxic spells? - correct answer.Spontaneous
squatting helps relieve hypercyanotic events in older children through increasing
systemic vascular resistance, decreasing venous blood return. This provides a larger
amount of oxygenated blood for the body and leads to the temporary reversal of blood
through the ventricular septal defect (VSD), which results in increased pulmonary flow.
Squatting is rarely seen clinically because most TOF defects are diagnosed and
surgically repaired in infancy
Which condition is consistent with the cardiac defect of transposition of the great
vessels? - correct answer.The aorta arises from the right ventricle. In transposition of
the great vessels, opposite of a normal heart, the aorta arises from the right ventricle,
and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle.
A 26-year-old female presents to urgent care with complaints of extreme fatigue, muscle
aches, abdominal pain, numbness and tingling in her extremities, and bloating. She
explains that she has been experiencing gastrointestinal upset after meals and has not
had a bowel movement for the past four days. She reports using over-the-counter, anti-
diarrheal products last week to combat diarrhea. She denies having any chronic
diseases. The assessment findings include a blood pressure of 108/71 mm Hg, pulse of
82 beats per minute, and respirations of 20 breaths per minute. The abdomen is
distended and firm. Bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants. The patient has a
steady gait, though verbally complains of feeling weak and off balance upon ambulation.
Following antibody testing, Celiac disease is suspected. Which follow-up tissue test, the
gold standard for this suspected diagnosis, should be ordered? - correct
answer.Endoscopy with small intestine biopsy
A 44-year-old woman has recently been diagnosed with advanced metastatic non-
small-cell lung cancer. Genetic testing is ordered to determine if the patient's tumor has
any genomic alterations and to guide treatment decisions. A few weeks later, the
patient's test results come back positive for a genetic mutation. The APN starts
osimertinib (Tagrisso).Based on this information, what type of genetic mutation does
this patient have? - correct answer.EGFR mutation
, A 20-year-old male meets with an advanced professional nurse (APN) to discuss
symptoms that have been slowly progressing over the past several years. He is mainly
concerned because he has been falling frequently. Since childhood, his gait has
consisted of walking on his toes. During middle school, he was able to participate in
sports but was unable to participate in high school sports due to difficulty with running
and jumping. Lately, he has noticed it takes longer and is more difficult to change
positions from sitting to standing than it used to in the past. He has also been waking up
with muscle and joint stiffness. The APRN notes that his family history is not significant
for any chronic or genetic diseases. Which condition is likely to be the cause of these
symptoms? - correct answer.Becker muscular dystrophy. Mutation of gene dystrophin.
X-linked. Affects muscles of hips, pelvic area, thighs, and shoulders, as well as the
heart.
Diagnostic CK levels 5x normal.
Which statement should the provider give the patient regarding the pathophysiology of
SLE and its relation to thrombocytopenia? - correct answer.SLE disrupts immune
homeostasis and promotes development of self-reactive antibodies.
A female patient presents to an office to establish care. Her previous primary care
provider told her to follow up regarding an elevated ferritin level. She has no previous
medical history and is currently asymptomatic. She is concerned about the elevated
ferritin and would like to know if she should be worried. What should the provider do
next for this patient? - correct answer.Order a liver function test
A 75-year-old female presents to the emergency department with an irregular heart rate
of 130.What can be ascertained about this patient's findings given the limited
information? - correct answer.She is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and needs her
heart rate controlled with metoprolol (Lopressor).
Nephrotic syndrome treatment - correct answer.Furosemide 40 mg po BID, or
Bumetanide 1 mg daily, with doubling dose every 3 days if there is inadequate
improvement in edema or evidence of fluid overload. Limit of Furosemide 240 mg per
dose and 600 mg per day.
A 74- year-old male with Cushing syndrome presents to the emergency department
(ED) with pain in his left leg, and is diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).What
is this patient's symptoms related to? - correct answer.Elevated Von Willebrand factor
A 42-year-old asthmatic who has been using beta-adrenergic agonists for several years
began to experience premature atrial contractions (PACs). To treat the PACs,
metoprolol (Toprol XL) therapy was started. What is a likely consequence of this patient
taking metoprolol (Toprol XL)? - correct answer.Metoprolol (Toprol XL) worsened
asthma symptoms, but improved the PACs.
100% Verified.
Loop Diuretics - correct answer.Prefix "emide" Furosemide.
Mechanism of action: Block water reabsorption in the loop of Henle of the nephron.
Increases urine output.
AE: decreased K+, decreased BP, Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity.
Contradictions: auditory, renal impartments
During diastole, which part of the heart is filling with blood? - correct answer.Both
ventricles. Systole reflects the perfusing pressure of the cardiovascular system where
the ventricles eject blood from the heart. Once complete, a resting period—diastole—
follows, where blood must refill the ventricles directly from the collection that occurred in
the atria.
Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? - correct answer.Pulmonary vein. The
superior vena cava carries all the deoxygenated blood from peripheral circulation back
to the heart where it enters the right atrium to be pumped into the right ventricle. The
right ventricle pumps to the lungs for oxygenation via the pulmonary artery. After
pulmonary circulation, the oxygenated blood is carried back to the heart via the
pulmonary vein.
What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm? - correct
answer.Erodes the vessel wall .Atherosclerosis, also known as the process of
"hardening of the arteries" and secondary to plaque formation, weakens the flexibility of
a blood vessel wall. Without vascular compliance, the vessel wall becomes more rigid
and susceptible to rupture (i.e., an aneurysm).
Which complex (wave) represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations?
- correct answer.The QRS wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) represents the
largest spike in electrical activity of the heart, as ventricular muscle cells perform the
highest burden of work to pump blood volume out of the heart in that instance.
,Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with
hypertension? - correct answer.Angiotensin II leads to myocardial hypertrophy, poor
myocardial compliance, and ventricular dilation through stimulating increased cardiac
preload and afterload and direct toxicity to myocardial cells. It causes sarcomere death,
abnormal collagen matrices, and interstitial fibrosis
Most cardiovascular developments occur between which weeks of gestation? - correct
answer.During weeks four to seven, the primitive heart tube progresses through
numerous stages of development leading to a developed heart with distinct atria,
ventricles, and cardiac vessels.
Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with
tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) to relieve hypoxic spells? - correct answer.Spontaneous
squatting helps relieve hypercyanotic events in older children through increasing
systemic vascular resistance, decreasing venous blood return. This provides a larger
amount of oxygenated blood for the body and leads to the temporary reversal of blood
through the ventricular septal defect (VSD), which results in increased pulmonary flow.
Squatting is rarely seen clinically because most TOF defects are diagnosed and
surgically repaired in infancy
Which condition is consistent with the cardiac defect of transposition of the great
vessels? - correct answer.The aorta arises from the right ventricle. In transposition of
the great vessels, opposite of a normal heart, the aorta arises from the right ventricle,
and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle.
A 26-year-old female presents to urgent care with complaints of extreme fatigue, muscle
aches, abdominal pain, numbness and tingling in her extremities, and bloating. She
explains that she has been experiencing gastrointestinal upset after meals and has not
had a bowel movement for the past four days. She reports using over-the-counter, anti-
diarrheal products last week to combat diarrhea. She denies having any chronic
diseases. The assessment findings include a blood pressure of 108/71 mm Hg, pulse of
82 beats per minute, and respirations of 20 breaths per minute. The abdomen is
distended and firm. Bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants. The patient has a
steady gait, though verbally complains of feeling weak and off balance upon ambulation.
Following antibody testing, Celiac disease is suspected. Which follow-up tissue test, the
gold standard for this suspected diagnosis, should be ordered? - correct
answer.Endoscopy with small intestine biopsy
A 44-year-old woman has recently been diagnosed with advanced metastatic non-
small-cell lung cancer. Genetic testing is ordered to determine if the patient's tumor has
any genomic alterations and to guide treatment decisions. A few weeks later, the
patient's test results come back positive for a genetic mutation. The APN starts
osimertinib (Tagrisso).Based on this information, what type of genetic mutation does
this patient have? - correct answer.EGFR mutation
, A 20-year-old male meets with an advanced professional nurse (APN) to discuss
symptoms that have been slowly progressing over the past several years. He is mainly
concerned because he has been falling frequently. Since childhood, his gait has
consisted of walking on his toes. During middle school, he was able to participate in
sports but was unable to participate in high school sports due to difficulty with running
and jumping. Lately, he has noticed it takes longer and is more difficult to change
positions from sitting to standing than it used to in the past. He has also been waking up
with muscle and joint stiffness. The APRN notes that his family history is not significant
for any chronic or genetic diseases. Which condition is likely to be the cause of these
symptoms? - correct answer.Becker muscular dystrophy. Mutation of gene dystrophin.
X-linked. Affects muscles of hips, pelvic area, thighs, and shoulders, as well as the
heart.
Diagnostic CK levels 5x normal.
Which statement should the provider give the patient regarding the pathophysiology of
SLE and its relation to thrombocytopenia? - correct answer.SLE disrupts immune
homeostasis and promotes development of self-reactive antibodies.
A female patient presents to an office to establish care. Her previous primary care
provider told her to follow up regarding an elevated ferritin level. She has no previous
medical history and is currently asymptomatic. She is concerned about the elevated
ferritin and would like to know if she should be worried. What should the provider do
next for this patient? - correct answer.Order a liver function test
A 75-year-old female presents to the emergency department with an irregular heart rate
of 130.What can be ascertained about this patient's findings given the limited
information? - correct answer.She is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and needs her
heart rate controlled with metoprolol (Lopressor).
Nephrotic syndrome treatment - correct answer.Furosemide 40 mg po BID, or
Bumetanide 1 mg daily, with doubling dose every 3 days if there is inadequate
improvement in edema or evidence of fluid overload. Limit of Furosemide 240 mg per
dose and 600 mg per day.
A 74- year-old male with Cushing syndrome presents to the emergency department
(ED) with pain in his left leg, and is diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).What
is this patient's symptoms related to? - correct answer.Elevated Von Willebrand factor
A 42-year-old asthmatic who has been using beta-adrenergic agonists for several years
began to experience premature atrial contractions (PACs). To treat the PACs,
metoprolol (Toprol XL) therapy was started. What is a likely consequence of this patient
taking metoprolol (Toprol XL)? - correct answer.Metoprolol (Toprol XL) worsened
asthma symptoms, but improved the PACs.
