Pathophysiology exam 2 Study Guide:
Questions & Answers
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive
tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal
decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings
help to confirm the diagnosis of:
(Ans- respiratory acidosis
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body
will include:
(Ans- Kidney excretion of H+
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports
dizziness, confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an
elevated pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis?
(Ans- Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
Outcomes of laboratory tests include an elevated level of natriuretic
peptides. Which organ is the priority assessment?
(Ans- heart
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a
hormone-secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor
secretes ADH. Which of the following assessment findings should the
nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
(Ans-
-Confusion
-Weakness
-Nausea
-Muscle twitching
,The nurse would anticipate the patient with syndrome of inappropriate ADH
(SIADH) to demonstrate which of the following symptoms? (Select all that
apply.)
(Ans-
-Weakness
-Nausea
-Headache
-Muscle twitching
A primary care provider is talking about plasma proteins synthesized by
lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. What is the primary care provider
describing?
(Ans- antibodies
While reviewing lab results, the nurse recalls the most abundant cells in the
blood are:
(Ans- erythrocytes
An adult patients blood sample is analyzed in a laboratory. Assuming a
normal sample, which type of white blood cell accounts for the highest
percentage?
(Ans- neutrophils
A group of cells isolated in the laboratory have membrane-bound granules
in their cytoplasm and they show phagocytic activity. Which of the following
cells is most similar?
A) Monocyte
B) Macrophage
C) Lymphocyte
D) Eosinophils
(Ans- eosinophils
While planning care for a patient with inflammation, which principle will the
nurse remember? The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:
(Ans- neutrophil
,A patient has researched white blood cells on the Internet. Which
statement indicates the patient has a good understanding?
_______________ contain preformed granules of vasoactive amines.
A) Neutrophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Monocytes
D) Basophils
(Ans- basophils
A nurse recalls that monocytes are blood cells that mature (differentiate)
into:
a. Macrophages
b. Neutrophils
c. Eosinophils
d. Mast cells
(Ans- macrophages
A nurse is teaching the staff about platelets. Which information should the
nurse include? In addition to playing a role in hemostasis, platelets have
the ability to:
(Ans- release biochemical mediators of inflammation
While planning care for a newborn, the pediatric nurse recalls the main site
of hematopoiesis in the fetus is the:
(Ans- spleen
A 45-year-old female undergoes a splenectomy to remove a tumor. Which
of the following assessment finding is most likely to occur following
surgery?
(Ans- leukocytosis
During an infection, the nurse assesses the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes
enlarge and become tender because:
(Ans- Lymphocytes are rapidly dividing
, After birth, red blood cells are normally made only in the:
(Ans- bone marrow
A nurse is discussing a cell that can differentiate into any tissue type.
Which term is the nurse describing?
(Ans- pluripotent
A hematologist is discussing hematopoiesis. Which information should be
included? ________ participate in hematopoiesis.
a. Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)
b. Eosinophils
c. Basophils
d. Neutrophils
(Ans- Colony-stimulating factors or CSF
An unstable type of hemoglobin that cannot bind with oxygen is termed:
A) Deoxyhemoglobin
B) Oxyhemoglobin
C) Methemoglobin
D) Glycosylated hemoglobin
(Ans- methemoglobin
A staff member wants to know where the greatest proportion of iron is
located. How should the nurse respond? The greatest proportion of total
body iron is located in the:
a. Erythrocytes
b. Spleen pulp
c. Bone marrow
d. Liver tissue
(Ans- erythrocytes
Questions & Answers
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive
tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal
decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings
help to confirm the diagnosis of:
(Ans- respiratory acidosis
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body
will include:
(Ans- Kidney excretion of H+
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports
dizziness, confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an
elevated pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis?
(Ans- Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
Outcomes of laboratory tests include an elevated level of natriuretic
peptides. Which organ is the priority assessment?
(Ans- heart
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a
hormone-secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor
secretes ADH. Which of the following assessment findings should the
nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
(Ans-
-Confusion
-Weakness
-Nausea
-Muscle twitching
,The nurse would anticipate the patient with syndrome of inappropriate ADH
(SIADH) to demonstrate which of the following symptoms? (Select all that
apply.)
(Ans-
-Weakness
-Nausea
-Headache
-Muscle twitching
A primary care provider is talking about plasma proteins synthesized by
lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. What is the primary care provider
describing?
(Ans- antibodies
While reviewing lab results, the nurse recalls the most abundant cells in the
blood are:
(Ans- erythrocytes
An adult patients blood sample is analyzed in a laboratory. Assuming a
normal sample, which type of white blood cell accounts for the highest
percentage?
(Ans- neutrophils
A group of cells isolated in the laboratory have membrane-bound granules
in their cytoplasm and they show phagocytic activity. Which of the following
cells is most similar?
A) Monocyte
B) Macrophage
C) Lymphocyte
D) Eosinophils
(Ans- eosinophils
While planning care for a patient with inflammation, which principle will the
nurse remember? The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:
(Ans- neutrophil
,A patient has researched white blood cells on the Internet. Which
statement indicates the patient has a good understanding?
_______________ contain preformed granules of vasoactive amines.
A) Neutrophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Monocytes
D) Basophils
(Ans- basophils
A nurse recalls that monocytes are blood cells that mature (differentiate)
into:
a. Macrophages
b. Neutrophils
c. Eosinophils
d. Mast cells
(Ans- macrophages
A nurse is teaching the staff about platelets. Which information should the
nurse include? In addition to playing a role in hemostasis, platelets have
the ability to:
(Ans- release biochemical mediators of inflammation
While planning care for a newborn, the pediatric nurse recalls the main site
of hematopoiesis in the fetus is the:
(Ans- spleen
A 45-year-old female undergoes a splenectomy to remove a tumor. Which
of the following assessment finding is most likely to occur following
surgery?
(Ans- leukocytosis
During an infection, the nurse assesses the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes
enlarge and become tender because:
(Ans- Lymphocytes are rapidly dividing
, After birth, red blood cells are normally made only in the:
(Ans- bone marrow
A nurse is discussing a cell that can differentiate into any tissue type.
Which term is the nurse describing?
(Ans- pluripotent
A hematologist is discussing hematopoiesis. Which information should be
included? ________ participate in hematopoiesis.
a. Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)
b. Eosinophils
c. Basophils
d. Neutrophils
(Ans- Colony-stimulating factors or CSF
An unstable type of hemoglobin that cannot bind with oxygen is termed:
A) Deoxyhemoglobin
B) Oxyhemoglobin
C) Methemoglobin
D) Glycosylated hemoglobin
(Ans- methemoglobin
A staff member wants to know where the greatest proportion of iron is
located. How should the nurse respond? The greatest proportion of total
body iron is located in the:
a. Erythrocytes
b. Spleen pulp
c. Bone marrow
d. Liver tissue
(Ans- erythrocytes
