Pediatric Physical Examination An Illustrated Handbook 4th Edition Duderstadt Test Bank

1|Page




Pediatric Physical Examination An Illustrated
Handbook 4th Edition
Duderstadt Test Bank

,2|Page




Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
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MULTIPLE CHOICE u




1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement best
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describes development in infants and children?
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a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within u u u u u u u u u u


normal limits.
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b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
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c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development
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occurring first.
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d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth. u u u u u u u u




ANS: A u




Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs
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u function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can vary
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normally within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a definition
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for growth. Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization
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u occurring as a result of large muscle organization. Development is a more complex process
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u thatis affected by many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a
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u predictable process with standard measurement methods.
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2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
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a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify
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any delays or deficits.
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b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
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c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
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d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
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ANS: C u




Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific
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u developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of
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u time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that
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u requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a
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u nurturingenvironment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation
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u specific to theirdevelopmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed
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u in a predictable pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
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3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
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a. Culture

b. Environment

c. Genetics

d. Nutrition


ANS: C u




Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
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u factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do
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u not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant
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u factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and
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u development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant
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u rolein determining growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can
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u influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors cannot
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eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant role
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u throughout childhood. u




4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the period
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u of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from fantasy is the
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u period of cognitive development.
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a. sensorimotor

, b. formal operations u




c. concrete operations u




d. preoperational


ANS: C u




Concrete operations is the period of cognitive development in which childrens thinking is shifted
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from egocentric to being able to see anothers point of view. They develop the ability to
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u distinguish fact from fantasy. The sensorimotor stage occurs in infancy and is a period of
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u reflexive behavior. During this period, the infants world becomes more permanent and
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u organized. The stage ends with the infant demonstrating some evidence of reasoning. Formal
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u operations is a period in development in which new ideas are created through previous
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u thoughts.Analytic reason and abstract thought emerge in this period. The preoperational stage is
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u a period of egocentrism in which the childs judgments are illogical and dominated by magical
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u thinking and animism.
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