Nutrition 1020 Module #5, #6 with verified solutions 2024

What are the characteristics of water soluble vitamins? Absorbed directly into blood stream Circulate, travel, store in water compartments Excrete in urine Deficiency signs occur more quickly Toxicity short lived What are the characteristics of fat soluble vitamins? Absorbed into lymph Require protein carriers Associate with fat Not readily excreted Deficiency signs occur slowly Toxicity is longer lived Previous Pause Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:54 Full screen 6 Ways to Show Appreciation for Your Child's Teacher How is a nutritional deficiency or toxicity diagnosed? Dietary records Clinical symptoms Biochemical tests Nutrient supplements What compounds are part of the vitamin A chemistry? Retinol Retinal Retinoic acid Beta-carotene What are the functions of vitamin A? Vision Epithelial cells (external and internal linings) Growth Reproduction Embryonic development Gene expression Immune function Antioxidant What is a deficiency of vitamin A called and what are the symptoms? Hypovitaminosis A Impaired bone and tooth growth Night blindness Complete blindness Diarrhea Depressed immunity Hyperkeratosis What is the DRI of vitamin A? 700-900 micrograms What are the signs of vitamin A toxicity? Decreased bone mineral density Headache vertigo Nausea and vomiting Liver abnormalities Uncoordinated Orange color skin What are good food sources of vitamin A? Animal for retinol Fortified milk, cheese, butter, margarine Eggs Liver Dark leafy green vegetables Broccoli Deep orange fruits and vegetables What is vitamin D used for? Increases bone mineralization Intestinal absorption of calcium Phosphorus excretion Cell metabolism What is the DRI of vitamin D? 15 micrograms per day What is a vitamin D deficiency called and what are the symptoms? Rickets in children Osteomalacia in adults Poor bone and tooth growth Bowed legs Soft bones Pigeon chest Knocked knees Porous bones Decreased calcium absorption Decreased circulating phosphorus What are the symptoms of hypervitaminosis D? High blood calcium Weakness Nausea and vomiting Anorexia Kidney stones Thirst Increased Urination Increased urinary calcium What are some good sources of vitamin D? Fortified milk, margarine, some cereals Eggs Fatty fish Self synthesis from sunlight exposure What are the functions of vitamin E? Membrane antioxidant Membrane stabilizer What is the DRI of vitamin E? 15 micrograms per day What are the signs of vitamin E deficiency? Hemolytic anemia in premature infants Not well documented in adults What are the signs of vitamin E toxicity? Interferes with vitamin K role in clotting Interacts with anticoagulants Increased hemolysis What are some food sources of vitamin E? Nuts Seeds Plant oils Wheat germ Fortified cereals Vegetables What are the signs of vitamin K toxicity? Jaundice and liver damage in infants Interferes with anticoagulants What are some sources of vitamin k? Green leafy vegetables Cruciferous vegetables Soybeans Some plant oils What are the functions of thiamin? Enzyme cofactors in energy metabolism Normal appetite Nervous system function What is a deficiency of thiamin called and what are the symptoms? Beriberi Heart rhythm changes Confusion Amnesia Disturbed eye movement Nausea Anorexia Muscle weakness Tingling hands and feet Peripheral paralysis Uncoordinated movements Disturbed gait Exhaustion Weight loss What are some sources of thiamin? Pork Whole grains Enriched bread and cereal