Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition Test Bank
Eukaryotic cell - ANSWER-Cell with histones, supercoiled DNA, and a distinct nucleus.
Prokaryotic cell - ANSWER-Cell with a single circular chromosome and free-floating
nuclear material.
Organelles - ANSWER-Membrane-bounded cellular components in eukaryotic cells.
Respiration - ANSWER-Cellular function of absorbing oxygen and using it to transform
nutrients to energy.
Nucleolus - ANSWER-Region of the cell containing genetic material, ribonucleic acid,
and DNA-binding proteins.
Integral membrane proteins - ANSWER-Proteins that float freely in the fluid lipid bilayer
of the cell membrane.
Ligands - ANSWER-Specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell
membrane.
Fibronectin - ANSWER-Protein associated with cancerous cells, allowing metastasis.
Cell junction - ANSWER-Structure that holds cells together and permits molecules to
pass from cell to cell.
Paracrine signaling - ANSWER-Release of local chemical mediators that are quickly
taken up, destroyed, or immobilized.
Substrate - ANSWER-Specific substance converted to a product of the reaction by an
enzyme.
ATP - ANSWER-Energy source for muscle contraction.
Citric acid cycle - ANSWER-Process that produces the most ATP during cellular
catabolism.
Diffusion - ANSWER-Movement of solute molecules from an area of greater
concentration to an area of lesser concentration.
Electrolytes - ANSWER-Electrically charged molecules.
Osmolality - ANSWER-Measure of the concentration of molecules per weight of water.
Oncotic pressure - ANSWER-Determined by the effect of colloids or plasma proteins.
Eukaryotic cell - ANSWER-Cell with histones, supercoiled DNA, and a distinct nucleus.
Prokaryotic cell - ANSWER-Cell with a single circular chromosome and free-floating
nuclear material.
Organelles - ANSWER-Membrane-bounded cellular components in eukaryotic cells.
Respiration - ANSWER-Cellular function of absorbing oxygen and using it to transform
nutrients to energy.
Nucleolus - ANSWER-Region of the cell containing genetic material, ribonucleic acid,
and DNA-binding proteins.
Integral membrane proteins - ANSWER-Proteins that float freely in the fluid lipid bilayer
of the cell membrane.
Ligands - ANSWER-Specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell
membrane.
Fibronectin - ANSWER-Protein associated with cancerous cells, allowing metastasis.
Cell junction - ANSWER-Structure that holds cells together and permits molecules to
pass from cell to cell.
Paracrine signaling - ANSWER-Release of local chemical mediators that are quickly
taken up, destroyed, or immobilized.
Substrate - ANSWER-Specific substance converted to a product of the reaction by an
enzyme.
ATP - ANSWER-Energy source for muscle contraction.
Citric acid cycle - ANSWER-Process that produces the most ATP during cellular
catabolism.
Diffusion - ANSWER-Movement of solute molecules from an area of greater
concentration to an area of lesser concentration.
Electrolytes - ANSWER-Electrically charged molecules.
Osmolality - ANSWER-Measure of the concentration of molecules per weight of water.
Oncotic pressure - ANSWER-Determined by the effect of colloids or plasma proteins.
