BCH4024 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
ALL ANSWERS REVISED
At equilibrium there is more ----------- than ---------- of d glucose and very little linear.
Beta is more stable - Answer-beta, alpha
You have the standard, beta d glucose, but there are derivative like -----------(with
charge) and ----------- both of which are beta and d series - Answer-gluconate,
gluconolactone
- ------ is a combination of alpha and beta glucose that produces a 1,4 linkage - Answer-
Maltose
Sucrose is a ---------- sugar because its glucose and fructose reducing ends are locked
in a 1, 2 bond. This makes it very stable - Answer-nonreducing
- -------- glycosidic bonds can form between a sugar and nucleic or amino acid - Answer-
N
------------ are proteins covalently attached to sugars and --------proteins glycosylated
with oligosaccharides - Answer-proteoglycans, glycoproteins
The main kinds of glycans that you know (glucose, starch etc) fall under --------
polysaccharides because they contain only one type of sugar - Answer-homo
Polysaccharides have no set size because they are not made from templates,
heteropolysaccharides provide ------- support, example is peptidoglycan - Answer-
extracellular
Sugars are very water soluble because of their ------- groups - Answer-OH
Free glucose concentration are kept -------- because they are stored as starch or
glycogen - Answer-down
Amylose (a1,4) and amylopectin (alpha 1,6) are sisters, which is branched - Answer-
amylopectin
Starch, which is made up of amylopectin and amylose is broken down from the ----------
end for energy - Answer-nonreducing
The PO love to be broken, therefore we say that they are ------- bonds that are stable
kinetically but unstable thermodynamically - Answer-kinetic
The conversion of glutamate to glutamine is facilitated by ATP, dephosphorylation. The
ATP helps form a ------ intermediate that is a better leaving group - Answer-glutamyl
The energy change is a rxn between products and reactant is independent of the
,pathway according to ------- law. Because of this, you can add free energies - Answer-
Hess's
Ketoses and aldoses are soluble in water and not ------- solvents - Answer-organic
The C=O number one called the -------- carbon, it is very reactive. Fun fact about
Hemoglobin aC1 for diabetes diagnosis - Answer-reducing
In the ring form, only ------- can open up again - Answer-hemiacetals
Cellulose has a beta (1, -------) linkage and mammals cannot metabolize it - Answer-4
Humans have --------- and plants have starch - Answer-glycogen
Absence of Vitamin C leads to unstable collagen, ---------and the hydroxyproline
stabilizes the collagen - Answer-scurvy
AT temperature of ------ celsius, collagen with just proline will break down but will break
down at -------celsius if it has hydroxyproline - Answer-24, 58
The main driving force of protein folding is ----------- interaction - Answer-hydrophobic
- ---------- are made of alpha and beta tubulin which requires other proteins to always fold
it - Answer-Microtubules
- ---------- interactions create the platform for vander waals interaction - Answer-
Hydrophobic
Most of the noncovalent forces are --------- range forces measured in angstroms -
Answer-short
small proteins fold spontaneously in physiological ---------Answer-salt
In electrostatic interactions, charges of the same sign means more energy is to be -------
---to hold charges together, vice versa for charges of different signs - Answer-supplied
which 4 AA's have anions - Answer-glutamate, aspartate, serine and threonine
which 3 AA's have cations - Answer-arginine-guanidine, lysine and histidine
Ionic bond also releases some ------, because the ions are often surrounded by water -
Answer-water
Vander waals operate over short distances, what is the formula F= --------- , however
when they are apart the Force is ------------. Doubling distance reduces strength by 64 -
Answer-1/r^6, zero
Replacing one hydrophobic chain with another can greatly alter protein --------- -
Answer-stability
- ---------- cations interaction cloud aromatic rings. It is basically when a cation is brought
, close to an aromatic ring - Answer-Pi
ALL ANSWERS REVISED
At equilibrium there is more ----------- than ---------- of d glucose and very little linear.
Beta is more stable - Answer-beta, alpha
You have the standard, beta d glucose, but there are derivative like -----------(with
charge) and ----------- both of which are beta and d series - Answer-gluconate,
gluconolactone
- ------ is a combination of alpha and beta glucose that produces a 1,4 linkage - Answer-
Maltose
Sucrose is a ---------- sugar because its glucose and fructose reducing ends are locked
in a 1, 2 bond. This makes it very stable - Answer-nonreducing
- -------- glycosidic bonds can form between a sugar and nucleic or amino acid - Answer-
N
------------ are proteins covalently attached to sugars and --------proteins glycosylated
with oligosaccharides - Answer-proteoglycans, glycoproteins
The main kinds of glycans that you know (glucose, starch etc) fall under --------
polysaccharides because they contain only one type of sugar - Answer-homo
Polysaccharides have no set size because they are not made from templates,
heteropolysaccharides provide ------- support, example is peptidoglycan - Answer-
extracellular
Sugars are very water soluble because of their ------- groups - Answer-OH
Free glucose concentration are kept -------- because they are stored as starch or
glycogen - Answer-down
Amylose (a1,4) and amylopectin (alpha 1,6) are sisters, which is branched - Answer-
amylopectin
Starch, which is made up of amylopectin and amylose is broken down from the ----------
end for energy - Answer-nonreducing
The PO love to be broken, therefore we say that they are ------- bonds that are stable
kinetically but unstable thermodynamically - Answer-kinetic
The conversion of glutamate to glutamine is facilitated by ATP, dephosphorylation. The
ATP helps form a ------ intermediate that is a better leaving group - Answer-glutamyl
The energy change is a rxn between products and reactant is independent of the
,pathway according to ------- law. Because of this, you can add free energies - Answer-
Hess's
Ketoses and aldoses are soluble in water and not ------- solvents - Answer-organic
The C=O number one called the -------- carbon, it is very reactive. Fun fact about
Hemoglobin aC1 for diabetes diagnosis - Answer-reducing
In the ring form, only ------- can open up again - Answer-hemiacetals
Cellulose has a beta (1, -------) linkage and mammals cannot metabolize it - Answer-4
Humans have --------- and plants have starch - Answer-glycogen
Absence of Vitamin C leads to unstable collagen, ---------and the hydroxyproline
stabilizes the collagen - Answer-scurvy
AT temperature of ------ celsius, collagen with just proline will break down but will break
down at -------celsius if it has hydroxyproline - Answer-24, 58
The main driving force of protein folding is ----------- interaction - Answer-hydrophobic
- ---------- are made of alpha and beta tubulin which requires other proteins to always fold
it - Answer-Microtubules
- ---------- interactions create the platform for vander waals interaction - Answer-
Hydrophobic
Most of the noncovalent forces are --------- range forces measured in angstroms -
Answer-short
small proteins fold spontaneously in physiological ---------Answer-salt
In electrostatic interactions, charges of the same sign means more energy is to be -------
---to hold charges together, vice versa for charges of different signs - Answer-supplied
which 4 AA's have anions - Answer-glutamate, aspartate, serine and threonine
which 3 AA's have cations - Answer-arginine-guanidine, lysine and histidine
Ionic bond also releases some ------, because the ions are often surrounded by water -
Answer-water
Vander waals operate over short distances, what is the formula F= --------- , however
when they are apart the Force is ------------. Doubling distance reduces strength by 64 -
Answer-1/r^6, zero
Replacing one hydrophobic chain with another can greatly alter protein --------- -
Answer-stability
- ---------- cations interaction cloud aromatic rings. It is basically when a cation is brought
, close to an aromatic ring - Answer-Pi
