NURS 308 Exam 2 Questions With
Complete Solutions
- adequate protein, but not high protein
- restrict Na, K+, phosphate Correct Answers nutritional
therapy of a patient with AKI should include:
- administer 1 mg of glucagon intramuscularly, subcutaneously,
or nasally (stimulates the liver to release stored glucose)
- place IV access
* when the blood glucose has reached > 70 and the patient is
conscious and able to swallow, always follow with a slowly
absorbed carbohydrate to maintain the blood glucose Correct
Answers nursing management of hypoglycemia for a
unconscious patient (or unable to swallow, or NPO) without IV
access:
- administer IV fluids, insulin therapy, and electrolytes as
prescribed
- monitor vital signs frequently
- monitor labs (blood glucose, ketones, electrolytes)
- assess renal and cardiopulmonary function Correct Answers
nursing management of DKA/HHS:
- administer sliding scale or correction bolus insulin
- increase fluids (a patient with hyperglycemia loses a lot of
fluids due to osmotic diuresis, and can become dehydrated)
- monitor blood glucose and urine output
- monitor vital signs and mental status
,* if the patient is on scheduled doses of insulin with each meal
and are on sliding scale, administer the sliding scale in addition
to the regular scheduled doses of insulin Correct Answers
nursing management of hyperglycemia:
- albuminuria, microalbuminuria
- urine creatinine clearance *most accurate
- protein-to-creatinine ratio
- pathogens
- WBCs
- RBCs Correct Answers diagnostic urine tests for kidney
function:
- always check CBG first
- 15 g quick-acting carbohydrate
- wait 15 minutes, stay with the patient
- recheck CBG
- repeat until CBG is greater than 70 and symptoms are stable
**if they are not above 70 after the third time, contact the
provider
- follow with slowly absorbed carbohydrates
quick-acting carbs: 4 oz orange juice, 6 oz regular sweetened
soda, 6 oz low-fat or skim milk, 4-5 hard candies
slow-absorbed carbs: peanut butter crackers, ham sandwich,
cheese, meal Correct Answers nursing management of
hypoglycemia for a conscious patient with symptoms and a
CBG below 70
,- always check CBG first
- administer 25-50 mL D50W IVP
- look for other cause of unconsciousness
* when the blood glucose has reached > 70 and the patient is
conscious and able to swallow, always follow with a slowly
absorbed carbohydrate to maintain the blood glucose Correct
Answers nursing management of hypoglycemia for a
unconscious patient (or unable to swallow, or NPO) with IV
access:
- an enlarged prostate gland results in urinary retention
- urinary retention increases the risk of urinary tract infection
Correct Answers gerontologic considerations of kidney function
in men:
- antibiotics
- hygiene
- increase fluids *increases urine output to wash infected
material out, and dilutes the urine to alleviate irritation of
bacteria
- limit sexual partners
- empty bladder frequently Correct Answers treatment of UTIs:
- BUN
- creatinine
- GFR *most accurate
- electrolytes
- H&H *erythropoietin
- lipid profile *CV disease contributes to kidney disease
, - glucose *diabetes contribute to kidney disease Correct
Answers diagnostic serum blood tests for kidney function:
- chest wall muscles stiffen
- decreased alveolar elasticity *holds on to old, stale air
- decreased respiratory muscle strength
- decreased immune function
- decreased ciliary function *increases risk for infection
- decreased cough force *inability to clear lungs of secretions
- decreased response to hypoxia
- decreased response to hypercapnia
* no symptoms of hypoxia, so we are unaware. no symptoms of
hypercapnia, so they won't speed up their breathing, and
respiratory acidosis may result Correct Answers gerontologic
considerations of respiratory function:
- chronic cough and sputum production *productive cough
- progressive dyspnea, air hunger
- expiratory wheeze
- fatigue
- unexplained weight loss and anorexia, thin in appearance
- barrel chest *1:1 AP:lat
- tripod positioning, orthopnea
- pursed-lip breathing
- use of accessory muscles
- prolonged expiratory time
- edema in ankles **right HF
- digital clubbing *chronic hypoxia
- hypoxemia
- O2 sat < 88%
Complete Solutions
- adequate protein, but not high protein
- restrict Na, K+, phosphate Correct Answers nutritional
therapy of a patient with AKI should include:
- administer 1 mg of glucagon intramuscularly, subcutaneously,
or nasally (stimulates the liver to release stored glucose)
- place IV access
* when the blood glucose has reached > 70 and the patient is
conscious and able to swallow, always follow with a slowly
absorbed carbohydrate to maintain the blood glucose Correct
Answers nursing management of hypoglycemia for a
unconscious patient (or unable to swallow, or NPO) without IV
access:
- administer IV fluids, insulin therapy, and electrolytes as
prescribed
- monitor vital signs frequently
- monitor labs (blood glucose, ketones, electrolytes)
- assess renal and cardiopulmonary function Correct Answers
nursing management of DKA/HHS:
- administer sliding scale or correction bolus insulin
- increase fluids (a patient with hyperglycemia loses a lot of
fluids due to osmotic diuresis, and can become dehydrated)
- monitor blood glucose and urine output
- monitor vital signs and mental status
,* if the patient is on scheduled doses of insulin with each meal
and are on sliding scale, administer the sliding scale in addition
to the regular scheduled doses of insulin Correct Answers
nursing management of hyperglycemia:
- albuminuria, microalbuminuria
- urine creatinine clearance *most accurate
- protein-to-creatinine ratio
- pathogens
- WBCs
- RBCs Correct Answers diagnostic urine tests for kidney
function:
- always check CBG first
- 15 g quick-acting carbohydrate
- wait 15 minutes, stay with the patient
- recheck CBG
- repeat until CBG is greater than 70 and symptoms are stable
**if they are not above 70 after the third time, contact the
provider
- follow with slowly absorbed carbohydrates
quick-acting carbs: 4 oz orange juice, 6 oz regular sweetened
soda, 6 oz low-fat or skim milk, 4-5 hard candies
slow-absorbed carbs: peanut butter crackers, ham sandwich,
cheese, meal Correct Answers nursing management of
hypoglycemia for a conscious patient with symptoms and a
CBG below 70
,- always check CBG first
- administer 25-50 mL D50W IVP
- look for other cause of unconsciousness
* when the blood glucose has reached > 70 and the patient is
conscious and able to swallow, always follow with a slowly
absorbed carbohydrate to maintain the blood glucose Correct
Answers nursing management of hypoglycemia for a
unconscious patient (or unable to swallow, or NPO) with IV
access:
- an enlarged prostate gland results in urinary retention
- urinary retention increases the risk of urinary tract infection
Correct Answers gerontologic considerations of kidney function
in men:
- antibiotics
- hygiene
- increase fluids *increases urine output to wash infected
material out, and dilutes the urine to alleviate irritation of
bacteria
- limit sexual partners
- empty bladder frequently Correct Answers treatment of UTIs:
- BUN
- creatinine
- GFR *most accurate
- electrolytes
- H&H *erythropoietin
- lipid profile *CV disease contributes to kidney disease
, - glucose *diabetes contribute to kidney disease Correct
Answers diagnostic serum blood tests for kidney function:
- chest wall muscles stiffen
- decreased alveolar elasticity *holds on to old, stale air
- decreased respiratory muscle strength
- decreased immune function
- decreased ciliary function *increases risk for infection
- decreased cough force *inability to clear lungs of secretions
- decreased response to hypoxia
- decreased response to hypercapnia
* no symptoms of hypoxia, so we are unaware. no symptoms of
hypercapnia, so they won't speed up their breathing, and
respiratory acidosis may result Correct Answers gerontologic
considerations of respiratory function:
- chronic cough and sputum production *productive cough
- progressive dyspnea, air hunger
- expiratory wheeze
- fatigue
- unexplained weight loss and anorexia, thin in appearance
- barrel chest *1:1 AP:lat
- tripod positioning, orthopnea
- pursed-lip breathing
- use of accessory muscles
- prolonged expiratory time
- edema in ankles **right HF
- digital clubbing *chronic hypoxia
- hypoxemia
- O2 sat < 88%
