NLN PAX HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TEST
STUDY GUIDE 2024-2025. 100% COMPLETE.
Mechanical digestion < Answer>Part of digestion that uses movement and muscles to break down
food into smaller pieces
Digestion < Answer>breaking down nutrients into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed
into the blood
Chemical digestion < Answer>the digestion process in which enzymes are used to break foods into
their smaller chemical building blocks
Occurs via hydrolysis
Hydrolysis < Answer>A chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules by the addition of water;
an essential process in digestion.
Enzymes < Answer>molecules, usually proteins or nucleic acids, that act as catalysts in
biochemical reactions
Used in chemical reactions
Humans digestion tube extends from < Answer>mouth to anus called alimentary canal
Anus < Answer>A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is
eliminated from the body
Alimentary canal < Answer>Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive tract, the
alimentary canal is the long muscular "tube" that includes the mouth esophagus, somatch, small
intesitne, and large intestine.
Carries out stages of digestive process (mechanical and chemical digestion and absorb ion)
Accessory organs < Answer>In the GI tract, organs that play a role in digestion but not directly part
of the alimentary canal.
These include the liver, the gallbladder, the pancreas
,What takes place in the mouth? < Answer>mechanical digestion saliva is released from salivary
glands to breakdown carbs
Salivary glands < Answer>three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva
Saliva < Answer>contain amylase
Amylase < Answer>enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches
Pharynx < Answer>muscular tube at the end of the gastrovascular cavity, or throat, that connects
the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food
Esophagus < Answer>muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach
Epiglottis < Answer>The flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.
What takes place in the stomach? < Answer>peristalsis gastric juices help breakdown proteins
Chyme is created
Peristalsis < Answer>involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one
direction through the digestive system
Gastric juice < Answer>chemically breaksdown proteins acidic (ph of 2)
Mucus < Answer>protects stomach wall from acidity of gastric juices
Protease < Answer>Enzyme that breaks down proteins
Chyme < Answer>a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach into
, the small intestine
Small intestine < Answer>digestive organ in which most chemical digestion takes place majority of
digestion and absorption occur here!!
How long is the SI? < Answer>6 meters
Pyloric sphincter < Answer>circular muscle that controls the movement of chyme from the stomach
to the small intestines
Liver < Answer>large organ just above the stomach that produces bile
Gallbladder < Answer>stores bile
Bile < Answer>a mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat
Pancreas < Answer>located partially behind the stomach in the abdomen, and it functions as both
an endocrine and exocrine gland.
It produces digestive enzymes as well as insulin and glucagon
After absorption, products of digestion goes to < Answer>blood and lymph
Villi < Answer>Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small intestines that increase surface
area
Large intestine < Answer>colon
Organ that removes water from the undigested materials that pass through it waste moves via
peristalsis
Rectum < Answer>stores waste until egestion egestion < Answer>Removal of undigested waste
Carbohydrate (enzymes, end products and important locations) < Answer>1. Amylase, sucrase,
STUDY GUIDE 2024-2025. 100% COMPLETE.
Mechanical digestion < Answer>Part of digestion that uses movement and muscles to break down
food into smaller pieces
Digestion < Answer>breaking down nutrients into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed
into the blood
Chemical digestion < Answer>the digestion process in which enzymes are used to break foods into
their smaller chemical building blocks
Occurs via hydrolysis
Hydrolysis < Answer>A chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules by the addition of water;
an essential process in digestion.
Enzymes < Answer>molecules, usually proteins or nucleic acids, that act as catalysts in
biochemical reactions
Used in chemical reactions
Humans digestion tube extends from < Answer>mouth to anus called alimentary canal
Anus < Answer>A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is
eliminated from the body
Alimentary canal < Answer>Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the digestive tract, the
alimentary canal is the long muscular "tube" that includes the mouth esophagus, somatch, small
intesitne, and large intestine.
Carries out stages of digestive process (mechanical and chemical digestion and absorb ion)
Accessory organs < Answer>In the GI tract, organs that play a role in digestion but not directly part
of the alimentary canal.
These include the liver, the gallbladder, the pancreas
,What takes place in the mouth? < Answer>mechanical digestion saliva is released from salivary
glands to breakdown carbs
Salivary glands < Answer>three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva
Saliva < Answer>contain amylase
Amylase < Answer>enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches
Pharynx < Answer>muscular tube at the end of the gastrovascular cavity, or throat, that connects
the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food
Esophagus < Answer>muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach
Epiglottis < Answer>The flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.
What takes place in the stomach? < Answer>peristalsis gastric juices help breakdown proteins
Chyme is created
Peristalsis < Answer>involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one
direction through the digestive system
Gastric juice < Answer>chemically breaksdown proteins acidic (ph of 2)
Mucus < Answer>protects stomach wall from acidity of gastric juices
Protease < Answer>Enzyme that breaks down proteins
Chyme < Answer>a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach into
, the small intestine
Small intestine < Answer>digestive organ in which most chemical digestion takes place majority of
digestion and absorption occur here!!
How long is the SI? < Answer>6 meters
Pyloric sphincter < Answer>circular muscle that controls the movement of chyme from the stomach
to the small intestines
Liver < Answer>large organ just above the stomach that produces bile
Gallbladder < Answer>stores bile
Bile < Answer>a mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat
Pancreas < Answer>located partially behind the stomach in the abdomen, and it functions as both
an endocrine and exocrine gland.
It produces digestive enzymes as well as insulin and glucagon
After absorption, products of digestion goes to < Answer>blood and lymph
Villi < Answer>Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small intestines that increase surface
area
Large intestine < Answer>colon
Organ that removes water from the undigested materials that pass through it waste moves via
peristalsis
Rectum < Answer>stores waste until egestion egestion < Answer>Removal of undigested waste
Carbohydrate (enzymes, end products and important locations) < Answer>1. Amylase, sucrase,
