Block 3 - NUR 252 Study Questions and
Correct Answers
What is acute renal failure and an Acute kidney injury? ✅it is a rapid onset; rapid loss
renal function with progressive increase of BUN and Creatinine, can be reversible,
oliguria < 400 mL/day
What are the three causes of acute renal failure? ✅pre-renal, intra-renal, and post-
renal
What is pre-renal ARF caused by? ✅a sudden and severe drop in blood pressure
(shock) for interruption of blood flow to the kidneys from severe injury or illness
What are some examples that can lead to pre-renal injury? ✅hypovolemia, decreased
cardiac output, decrease peripheral vascular resistance, vascular obstruction
What is intra-renal ARF caused by? ✅direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation,
toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply
What is Intra-renal failure usually due to? ✅usually due to prolonged ischemia,
contrast media, nephrotoxins, aminoglycosides
What accounts for 90% of intra-renal failures? ✅acute tubular necrosis
What is post-renal failure caused by? ✅a sudden obstruction of urine flow due to
enlarged prostate, kidney stones, bladder tumor, or injury
what are the most common causes of Post-renal failure? ✅BPH, prostate cancer,
calculi, trauma, and extra renal tumors
How do we determine acute renal failure? ✅the injury/drop in output/increased
creatinine determines wether it is non-oliguric and oliguric
What is oliguria? ✅urine output less than 400mL in 24 hours
how long after an event, trauma, hypo-perfusion, etc. can oliguria happen? ✅1-7 days
the longer oliguria lasts the worse the prognosis so how many days does it usually last?
✅10-14 days, but could last for months
how do patients present with oliguria? ✅decrease in urinary output, fluid and
electrolyte imbalances, and fluid volume excess
Correct Answers
What is acute renal failure and an Acute kidney injury? ✅it is a rapid onset; rapid loss
renal function with progressive increase of BUN and Creatinine, can be reversible,
oliguria < 400 mL/day
What are the three causes of acute renal failure? ✅pre-renal, intra-renal, and post-
renal
What is pre-renal ARF caused by? ✅a sudden and severe drop in blood pressure
(shock) for interruption of blood flow to the kidneys from severe injury or illness
What are some examples that can lead to pre-renal injury? ✅hypovolemia, decreased
cardiac output, decrease peripheral vascular resistance, vascular obstruction
What is intra-renal ARF caused by? ✅direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation,
toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply
What is Intra-renal failure usually due to? ✅usually due to prolonged ischemia,
contrast media, nephrotoxins, aminoglycosides
What accounts for 90% of intra-renal failures? ✅acute tubular necrosis
What is post-renal failure caused by? ✅a sudden obstruction of urine flow due to
enlarged prostate, kidney stones, bladder tumor, or injury
what are the most common causes of Post-renal failure? ✅BPH, prostate cancer,
calculi, trauma, and extra renal tumors
How do we determine acute renal failure? ✅the injury/drop in output/increased
creatinine determines wether it is non-oliguric and oliguric
What is oliguria? ✅urine output less than 400mL in 24 hours
how long after an event, trauma, hypo-perfusion, etc. can oliguria happen? ✅1-7 days
the longer oliguria lasts the worse the prognosis so how many days does it usually last?
✅10-14 days, but could last for months
how do patients present with oliguria? ✅decrease in urinary output, fluid and
electrolyte imbalances, and fluid volume excess
