Nursing 252 Exam 1- Perfusion Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) ✅Systolic + 2(Diastolic) /3
Pulse pressure ✅systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure normal ranges ✅40-60 mmHg
cardiac catheterization ✅a diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is passed into a
vein or artery and then guided into the heart
evaluates heart function and diagnose cardiovascular conditions.
Telemetry ✅the process of continuous electrocardiographic monitoring of HR,
breathing, and BP
transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) ✅specialized echocardiography procedure
in which patient swallows ultrasound head in order to better visualize internal cardiac
structures, especially cardiac valves and blood clot status.
be aware of anticoagulation status
hemodynamic monitoring ✅Provides information about vascular capacity, blood
volume, pump effectiveness, and tissue perfusion; directly measures pressure in the
heart and great vessels; provides more accurate measurements of blood pressure,
heart function and volume status
Perfusion/Ventilation scan ✅Used to see how well air reaches all parts of the lungs
and measure the blood supply through the lungs.
LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) ✅100-190 U/L
Natriuretic peptides ✅secreted by atrial myocardium of the heart in response to high
blood pressure
Troponin ✅Between 0 and 0.4 ng/mL
Homocysteine ✅an amino acid normally present in the blood that, when found at high
levels, may be related to higher risk of cardiovascular disease
C-reactive protein ✅indicator of acute inflammation and inflammatory atheromatous
plaque
, Normal: less than 10 (mg/L)
normal sinus rhythm ✅PQRST
P wave ✅atrial depolarization (squeeze)
1 before each QRS complex
PR interval ✅atrial repolarization
0.20
QRS ✅ventricular depolarization (squeeze)
T wave ✅ventricular repolarization
Rate of NSR ✅atrial and ventricular rates of 60-100 bpm
calculating rate of NSR: atrial ✅calculate the P waves in 6 seconds x 10
calculating rate of NSR: ventricular ✅calculate the QRS complexes in 6 seconds x 10
Sinus Bradycardia ✅<60 bpm
slow irregular heartbeat
Sinus Tachycardia ✅>100 bpm
P waves still present
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) ✅Extremely fast atrial rhythm with narrow QRS
complexes when the impulse originates above the bundle branches (above the
ventricles)
Treat with cardioversion and antiarrhythmics.
Atrial Flutter ✅Irregular rapid HR causing poor blood flow.
Little bumps replacing P waves before QRS and a very irregular HR.
Treat: cardioversion and antiarrhythmics and prevent clots.
Atrial Fibrilation ✅Chaotic, irregular atrial activity
No identifiable P Waves, little bumps replacing them before QRS
Treat: cardioversion and antiarrhythmics and prevent clots
Questions and Correct Answers
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) ✅Systolic + 2(Diastolic) /3
Pulse pressure ✅systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure normal ranges ✅40-60 mmHg
cardiac catheterization ✅a diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is passed into a
vein or artery and then guided into the heart
evaluates heart function and diagnose cardiovascular conditions.
Telemetry ✅the process of continuous electrocardiographic monitoring of HR,
breathing, and BP
transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) ✅specialized echocardiography procedure
in which patient swallows ultrasound head in order to better visualize internal cardiac
structures, especially cardiac valves and blood clot status.
be aware of anticoagulation status
hemodynamic monitoring ✅Provides information about vascular capacity, blood
volume, pump effectiveness, and tissue perfusion; directly measures pressure in the
heart and great vessels; provides more accurate measurements of blood pressure,
heart function and volume status
Perfusion/Ventilation scan ✅Used to see how well air reaches all parts of the lungs
and measure the blood supply through the lungs.
LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) ✅100-190 U/L
Natriuretic peptides ✅secreted by atrial myocardium of the heart in response to high
blood pressure
Troponin ✅Between 0 and 0.4 ng/mL
Homocysteine ✅an amino acid normally present in the blood that, when found at high
levels, may be related to higher risk of cardiovascular disease
C-reactive protein ✅indicator of acute inflammation and inflammatory atheromatous
plaque
, Normal: less than 10 (mg/L)
normal sinus rhythm ✅PQRST
P wave ✅atrial depolarization (squeeze)
1 before each QRS complex
PR interval ✅atrial repolarization
0.20
QRS ✅ventricular depolarization (squeeze)
T wave ✅ventricular repolarization
Rate of NSR ✅atrial and ventricular rates of 60-100 bpm
calculating rate of NSR: atrial ✅calculate the P waves in 6 seconds x 10
calculating rate of NSR: ventricular ✅calculate the QRS complexes in 6 seconds x 10
Sinus Bradycardia ✅<60 bpm
slow irregular heartbeat
Sinus Tachycardia ✅>100 bpm
P waves still present
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) ✅Extremely fast atrial rhythm with narrow QRS
complexes when the impulse originates above the bundle branches (above the
ventricles)
Treat with cardioversion and antiarrhythmics.
Atrial Flutter ✅Irregular rapid HR causing poor blood flow.
Little bumps replacing P waves before QRS and a very irregular HR.
Treat: cardioversion and antiarrhythmics and prevent clots.
Atrial Fibrilation ✅Chaotic, irregular atrial activity
No identifiable P Waves, little bumps replacing them before QRS
Treat: cardioversion and antiarrhythmics and prevent clots
