DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY REVISED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is developmental biology or embryology - CORRECT
ANSWER-*The study of embryonic development *it is the study
of whatever happens between fertilization and birth.
animals produce offspring three different ways. - CORRECT
ANSWER-*ovipares-lay eggs, frogs birds.
*vivipares-give birth to live forms, placental animals.
*ovovivipares-produce an egg that hatches inside the body,
some reptiles and snakes.
two major cell division patterns for the egg - CORRECT
ANSWER-*holoblastic-entire egg is divided into smaller cells
*meroblastic-only part of the egg is cleaved
preformation - CORRECT ANSWER-*everything in the embryo
is there from the beginning and simply gets bigger during
development
epigenesis - CORRECT ANSWER-*new structure arise
progressively, as the embryo develop.
*proven through discovery of the three germ layers
*germ layers do not form their respective organs autonomously
Malpighi - CORRECT ANSWER-*1672
*showed that the unincubated egg had a great deal of structure,
support for the preformationist view
casper friedrich wolff - CORRECT ANSWER-*1767
,*had a better microscope, showed that embryonic parts
develop from tissues that have no counterpart in the adult
organism, it cannot be preformation
heinz christian pander - CORRECT ANSWER-*1817
*identified the germ layers
three germ layers - CORRECT ANSWER-*Pander, Rathke,
Von Baer
*ectoderm-outer layer, epidermis of the skin, brain and nervous
system
*endoderm-innermost layer, epithelium of the digestive tube
and associated organs(liver and pancreas) as well as the lungs.
*mesoderm-layer in between, heart, blood, kidneys, gonads,
muscles, bones and connective tissues.
The cell theory - CORRECT ANSWER-*schwann, schleiden,
virchow
*all living organisms consists of cells
*cells arise by division from other cells
germ cells - CORRECT ANSWER-*forms sperm or egg
*if mutation in germ cell it will affect somatic cells and germline
somatic cells - CORRECT ANSWER-*other cells not involved in
reproduction
*if mutation in somatic cells do not affect germline
weismann's theory of nuclear determination - CORRECT
ANSWER-*nuclear factors are distributed asymmetrically to
daughter cells as the fertilized egg undergoes rapid cycles of
cell division.
induction - CORRECT ANSWER-*one group of cell can
determine the development of neighboring cells
, frog life cycle - CORRECT ANSWER-Adult >>1>> Embryo
>>2>> Blastula >>3>> Gastrula >>4>>neurula >>5>> tailbud-
stage embry, free-swimming tadpole >>6>> Adult
1.Fertilization
2. Cleavage
3. Gastrulation
4. Neurulation
5. Organogenesis
6. Metamorphosis
Fertilization - CORRECT ANSWER-*allows the egg to complete
its second meiotic division, provides the egg with a haploid
nucleus.
*cortical rotation
*molecules activated cleavages.
Cleavage - CORRECT ANSWER-*immediately follows
fertilization
*extremely rapid cell divisions
*virtually no growth
*ends with a blastula, usually a sphere of small
cells(blastomeres)
*blastocoel forms in vegetal hemisphere
gastrulation - CORRECT ANSWER-*when rate of mitotic
division slows down
*dramatic rearrangement of the blastomeres
*precise and coordinated cell movements.
*internalization of prospective mesoderm and endoderm.
*ends with a gastrula, embryo containing three germ layers.
*dynamic and extensive cell polarization and migration
*establishes the basic body plan, including the physical
construction of the primary body axis.
*begins at the dorsal side, by the formation of the blastopore
lip.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is developmental biology or embryology - CORRECT
ANSWER-*The study of embryonic development *it is the study
of whatever happens between fertilization and birth.
animals produce offspring three different ways. - CORRECT
ANSWER-*ovipares-lay eggs, frogs birds.
*vivipares-give birth to live forms, placental animals.
*ovovivipares-produce an egg that hatches inside the body,
some reptiles and snakes.
two major cell division patterns for the egg - CORRECT
ANSWER-*holoblastic-entire egg is divided into smaller cells
*meroblastic-only part of the egg is cleaved
preformation - CORRECT ANSWER-*everything in the embryo
is there from the beginning and simply gets bigger during
development
epigenesis - CORRECT ANSWER-*new structure arise
progressively, as the embryo develop.
*proven through discovery of the three germ layers
*germ layers do not form their respective organs autonomously
Malpighi - CORRECT ANSWER-*1672
*showed that the unincubated egg had a great deal of structure,
support for the preformationist view
casper friedrich wolff - CORRECT ANSWER-*1767
,*had a better microscope, showed that embryonic parts
develop from tissues that have no counterpart in the adult
organism, it cannot be preformation
heinz christian pander - CORRECT ANSWER-*1817
*identified the germ layers
three germ layers - CORRECT ANSWER-*Pander, Rathke,
Von Baer
*ectoderm-outer layer, epidermis of the skin, brain and nervous
system
*endoderm-innermost layer, epithelium of the digestive tube
and associated organs(liver and pancreas) as well as the lungs.
*mesoderm-layer in between, heart, blood, kidneys, gonads,
muscles, bones and connective tissues.
The cell theory - CORRECT ANSWER-*schwann, schleiden,
virchow
*all living organisms consists of cells
*cells arise by division from other cells
germ cells - CORRECT ANSWER-*forms sperm or egg
*if mutation in germ cell it will affect somatic cells and germline
somatic cells - CORRECT ANSWER-*other cells not involved in
reproduction
*if mutation in somatic cells do not affect germline
weismann's theory of nuclear determination - CORRECT
ANSWER-*nuclear factors are distributed asymmetrically to
daughter cells as the fertilized egg undergoes rapid cycles of
cell division.
induction - CORRECT ANSWER-*one group of cell can
determine the development of neighboring cells
, frog life cycle - CORRECT ANSWER-Adult >>1>> Embryo
>>2>> Blastula >>3>> Gastrula >>4>>neurula >>5>> tailbud-
stage embry, free-swimming tadpole >>6>> Adult
1.Fertilization
2. Cleavage
3. Gastrulation
4. Neurulation
5. Organogenesis
6. Metamorphosis
Fertilization - CORRECT ANSWER-*allows the egg to complete
its second meiotic division, provides the egg with a haploid
nucleus.
*cortical rotation
*molecules activated cleavages.
Cleavage - CORRECT ANSWER-*immediately follows
fertilization
*extremely rapid cell divisions
*virtually no growth
*ends with a blastula, usually a sphere of small
cells(blastomeres)
*blastocoel forms in vegetal hemisphere
gastrulation - CORRECT ANSWER-*when rate of mitotic
division slows down
*dramatic rearrangement of the blastomeres
*precise and coordinated cell movements.
*internalization of prospective mesoderm and endoderm.
*ends with a gastrula, embryo containing three germ layers.
*dynamic and extensive cell polarization and migration
*establishes the basic body plan, including the physical
construction of the primary body axis.
*begins at the dorsal side, by the formation of the blastopore
lip.
