• Wrong document? Swap it for free
  • Written by students who passed
  • Immediately available after payment
  • Read online or as PDF
  • 4.6 TrustPilot
0
Sell
Where do you study
Your language
Start selling Create your account
  • NR 566
  • NR 566
To add items to your wishlist, you must be logged in
Document preview thumbnail
Preview 2 out of 7 pages
Exam (elaborations)

NR 566 week 1

0.0
(0 reviews)
- sold
7 pages
2024/2025 Written for academic year
Institution NR 566
Course NR 566
Document preview thumbnail
Preview 2 out of 7 pages

What are the major antibiotic drug classes Beta-lactams: penicillins Beta-lactams: Cephalosporins fluoroquinolones tetracyclines and macrolides sulfonamides, trimethoprim, &nitrofurantoin What is the primary goal of antibiotic therapy kill bacteria without harming host tissue Bactericidal antibiotics directly kill bacteria bacteriostatic antibiotics. Antibiotics that do not actually kill bacteria but rather inhibit bacterial proliferation while the hosts immune system does the killing which antibiotics are preferred for immunocompromised patients: bactericidal or bacteriostatic bactericidal which antibiotics are preferred for patients with an overwhelming infection: bactericidal or bacteriostatic bactericidal broad spectrum antibiotics affect a broad range of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria narrow spectrum antibiotics Effective against specific bacteria which is used for empiric therapy: narrow or broad broad spectrum Risks of Broad-Spectrum disruption of normal floral increases risk of development of antibiotic resistance which antibiotics increase the risk of antibiotic resistance: narrow or broad spectrum and whyBroad spectrum because they kill more competing organisms than narrow spectrum drugs is narrow or broad-spectrum antibiotics preferred narrow is preferred when possible. broad spectrum only used when pathogen is unknown or when multiple types of bacteria is suspected Bactericidal drugs Aminoglycosides Beta-lactams fluoroquinolones Metronidazole Vancomycin streptogramins most antimycobacterial agents (rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin, etc.) bacteriostatic drugs clindamycin macrolides sulfonamides tetracyclines When is empiric therapy used? when treatment is started without cultures or when culture results are not back yet who needs empiric therapy critically ill pts after first set of cxs hospitalized pts until CSS are available ambulatory pts based on clinical presentation Penicillin’s MO inhibit cell wall synthesis; bactericidal penicillin primarily excreted how in urine what needs to be monitored when giving penicillin’s renal function

Content preview

NR 566 week 1
kk kk kk




Whatkkarekkthekkmajorkkantibiotickkdrugkkclasses Beta-lactams:kkpenicillins
Beta-lactams:kkCephalosporins
fluoroquinolones
tetracyclineskkandkkmacrolides
sulfonamides,kktrimethoprim,kk&nitrofurantoin
Whatkkiskkthekkprimarykkgoalkkofkkantibiotickktherapykkkillkkbacteriakkwithoutkkharmingkkhostkktissue
Bactericidalkkantibioticskkdirectlykkkillkkbacteria
bacteriostatickkantibiotics.kkAntibioticskkthatkkdokknotkkactuallykkkillkkbacteriakkbutkkratherkkinhibitkkbacte
rialkkproliferationkkwhilekkthekkhostskkimmunekksystemkkdoeskkthekkkilling
whichkkantibioticskkarekkpreferredkkforkkimmunocompromisedkkpatients:kkbactericidalkkorkkbacteriostati
c bactericidal
whichkkantibioticskkarekkpreferredkkforkkpatientskkwithkkankkoverwhelmingkkinfection:kkbactericidalkkorkk
bacteriostatic bactericidal
broadkkspectrumkkantibiotics affectkkakkbroadkkrangekkofkkgram-positivekkorkkgram-negativekkbacteria
narrowkkspectrumkkantibiotics Effectivekkagainstkkspecifickkbacteria
whichkkiskkusedkkforkkempirickktherapy:kknarrowkkorkkbroad broadkkspectrum
RiskskkofkkBroad-Spectrum disruptionkkofkknormalkkfloralkk
increaseskkriskkkofkkdevelopmentkkofkkantibiotickkresistance
whichkkantibioticskkincreasekkthekkriskkkofkkantibiotickkresistance:kknarrowkkorkkbroadkkspectrumkkandkkw
hyBroadkkspectrumkkbecausekktheykkkillkkmorekkcompetingkkorganismskkthankknarrowkkspectrumkkdrugs
iskknarrowkkorkkbroad-spectrumkkantibioticskkpreferred narrowkkiskkpreferredkkwhenkkpossible.kk

broadkkspectrumkkonlykkusedkkwhenkkpathogenkkiskkunknownkkorkkwhenkkmultiplekktypeskkofkkbacteriakkisk
ksuspected

Bactericidalkkdrugs Aminoglycosides
Beta-lactams
fluoroquinolones
Metronidazole
Vancomycin
streptograminskk
mostkkantimycobacterialkkagentskk(rifampin,kkisoniazid,kkstreptomycin,kketc.)
bacteriostatickkdrugs clindamycin
macrolides
sulfonamides
tetracyclines
Whenkkiskkempirickktherapykkused?
whenkktreatmentkkiskkstartedkkwithoutkkcultureskkorkkwhenkkculturekkresultskkarekknotkkbackkkyet
whokkneedskkempirickktherapy criticallykkillkkptskkafterkkfirstkksetkkofkkcxs
hospitalizedkkptskkuntilkkCSSkkarekkavailable
ambulatorykkptskkbasedkkonkkclinicalkkpresentation
Penicillin’skkMOkkinhibitkkcellkkwallkksynthesis;kkbactericidal
penicillinkkprimarilykkexcretedkkhowkkinkkurine
whatkkneedskktokkbekkmonitoredkkwhenkkgivingkkpenicillin’skkrenalkkfunction

, whatkkhappenskkifkkrenalkkinsufficiencykkoccurskkwhilekkgivingkkpenicillin’s prolongedkkhalf-
lifekkleadingkktokktoxicity
Penicillinkkdistribution -Wellkkdistributedkktokkmostkkbodykktissues
-PenetrationkktokkCSFkkandkkeyekktissueskkpoorkkinkkabsencekkofkkinflammation
narrow-spectrumkkpenicillinasekksensitivekkdrugs penicillinkkG
penicillinkkV
narrow-spectrumkkpenicillinasekksensitivekksusceptiblekkpathogens
streptococci,kkNeisseria,kkanaerobes
narrow-spectrumkkpenicillinasekkresistantkkdrugs naficillin
oxacillin
dicloxacillin
narrow-spectrumkkpenicillinasekkresistantkksusceptiblekkpathogens S.kkAureus
streptococci
Broad-spectrumkkpenicillins Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
broad-spectrumkkpenicillinskksusceptiblekkpathogens E.coli
proteuskkmirrabilliskk
enterococci
neisseriakkgonorrheae
Extendedkkspectrumkkpenicillins Piperacillin
extended-spectrumkkpenicillinskksusceptiblekkpathogens
E.Coli,kkproteuskkmirabillis,kkenterococci,kknesseriakkgonorrhoeae,kkpseudomonas,kkenterbacte
r,kkklebsiella
Penicillin/Betakklactamasekkcombinations Ampcillin/sulbactamkk(unasyn)
amoxicillin/clavulanatekk(augmentin)
piperacillin/tazobactamkk(zosyn)
Ifkkakkpatientkkhaskkakkmildkkallergykktokkpenicillinkkwhatkkiskkankkappropriatekkdrugkkalternative
cephalosporin
ifkkakkpatientkkhaskkakkseverekkallergykktokkpenicillinskkwhatkkiskkankkappropriatekkdrugkkalternative
NOTkkCEPHALOSPORINS
vancomycin
erythromycin
clindamycin
Lifespankkconsiderationskkforkkpenicillinskk:kkInfant,kkchildren,kkpregnantkkwomen,kkbreastfeeding,kkold
erkkadults Infant:kksafe
children:kksafe/common
pregnant:kkevidencekksuggestskknokksecondkkorkkthirdkktrimesterkkfetalkkriskkk
breastfeeding:kkamoxicillinkkiskksafekkdatakklackingkkforkkotherkkpenicillins
olderkkadult:kkdosekkadjustmentkkforkkrenalkkdysfunction
highkkriskkkpatientskkforkkpenicillins
ptskkw/kkhxkkofkkseverekkreactionkktokkpenicillins,kkcephalosporins,kkorkkcarbapenems
Whichkkdrugskkarekkchemicallykkrelatedkktokkpenicillins cephalosporins
BetakkLactamskk(cephalosporins)kkmoa bactericidalkkw/lowkktoxicity
1stkkgenerationkkcephalosporinskkdrugs Cefazolin
cephalexin(keflex)
1stkkgenerationkkcephalosporinskkmainkkuse skinkkandkksoftkktissuekkinfection

Document information

Uploaded on
September 4, 2024
Number of pages
7
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Exam (elaborations)
Contains
Questions & answers
Report Copyright Violation
$18.49
Wrong document? Swap it for free Within 14 days of purchase and before downloading, you can choose a different document. You can simply spend the amount again.
Written by students who passed
Immediately available after payment
Read online or as PDF
Seller avatar
yourikin
Sold
0
Followers
0
Items
33
Last sold
-

Browse related subjects

Subjects

Why students choose Stuvia

Created by fellow students, verified by reviews

Quality you can trust: written by students who passed their tests and reviewed by others who've used these notes.

Didn't get what you expected? Choose another document

No worries! You can instantly pick a different document that better fits what you're looking for.

Pay as you like, start learning right away

No subscription, no commitments. Pay the way you're used to via credit card and download your PDF document instantly.

Student with book image

“Bought, downloaded, and aced it. It really can be that simple.”

Alisha Student

Working on your references?

Create accurate citations in APA, MLA and Harvard with our free citation generator.

Learn more Create citation
Working on your references?

Frequently asked questions