ATI Med-Surg Final Exam 1 Study Guide

Skin care health promotion - -Avoid environmental hazards -Adequate hygiene/nutrition -Self-examination -Periodic professional exams Environmental skin hazards - -Sun exposure (UVB) -Tanning bed (UVA) -High altitude/snow Sun safety - -Avoid midday sun -Protective clothing -Sunscreen ***YOU CAN GET BURNED ON A CLOUDY DAY*** Common sites for nonmelanoma skin cancer - -Face -Head -Neck -Back of hands -Arms ***THINK SUN EXPOSED AREAS*** What is actinic keratosis? - -Premalignant skin lesion What does actinic keratosis look like? - -Irregular shaped -Flat -Papule with indistinct border -Hard scale/horn How is actinic keratosis treated? - -curettage -cryotherapy What is basal cell carcinoma? - least malignant, most common What does basal cell carcinoma look like? - -Rolled well defined -Pearly borders -Central erosion How is basal cell carcinoma treated? - cured by surgical excision in 99% of cases. What is squamous cell carcinoma? - -Potential to metastasize -Pipe, cigar, and cigarette smoking -Immunosuppression leads to a dramatic increase in the incidence What does squamous cell carcinoma look like? - -scaly -reddened -Firm, raised border What is malignant melanoma? - Rarest and most deadly form of skin cancer, brown spots that spread quickly. Risk factors for malignant melanoma? - -Red or blonde hair -Light-colored eyes -Fair skin that freckles -Chronic sun exposure -Family history ABCDE rule - A-asymmetry B-border C-color D-diameter E-evolving How to diagnose malignant melanoma? - -Mela find -Biopsy -Berslow (Tumor depth) -Clark (invasion depth)