NUR 235 - Exam 2

What are the 5 Ps affecting labor and birth - passenger, presentation, position, passageway and powers What is passenger when talking about labor/birth - fetus - size of fetal head and molding. Fetal head has fontanels and can mold to fit through birth canal Describe fetal presentation - the part of the fetus leading the way through the birth canal What is the most common presentation - cephalic - most are occiput anterior (head down towards chest) What is fetal position - relation of the presenting part of fetus to the 4 quadrants of moms pelvis Example: ROA (right, occiput anterior) where would the fetal monitor be put - RLQ What is Leapold's - feeling the fetus through abdomen What is station in terms of labor - measures degree of descent of presenting part of the fetus through the birth canal (-3 - +5) What is engagement when talking about stations - indicated when the largest transverse diameter of the presenting part has passed in to pelvis at the level of the ischial spines - no longer ballotable (baby drops) Describe the passageway - this is the birth canal - cervix, pelvic floor, vagina What is the difference between primary powers and secondary powers - primary = contractions Secondary = pushing *primary powers is signals that labor is beginning- responsible for effacement and dilation of the cervix* - *secondary powers involve pushing 0 want mom to push WITH contractions* - Describe duration of contractions - how long contractions last (length) Describe frequency of contractions - beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next - how far apart contractions are Describe intensity of contractions - strength of the contractions What is the ferguson reflex - maternal urge to bear down - dont want epidural to be too strong, we want them to feel pressure and be able to bear down What position can be helpful for a mom with strong back labor or back pain - hands and knees or knees to chest What are some preliminary signs of labor - braxton hicks, urinary frequency, back pain around back and umbilicus, bloody show, ROM, lightening, increased vaginal secretions, weight loss